Stability of organic solar cells: toward commercial applications

Chemical Society Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 53(5), P. 2350 - 2387

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have attracted a great deal of attention in the field clean energy due to their advantages transparency, flexibility, low cost and light weight. Introducing them market enables seamless integration into buildings windows, while also supporting wearable, portable electronics internet-of-things (IoT) devices. With development photovoltaic materials optimization fabrication technology, power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) OSCs rapidly improved now exceed 20%. However, there is significant lack focus on material stability device lifetime, causing severe hindrance commercial applications. In this review, we carefully review important strategies employed improve over past three years from perspectives design engineering. Furthermore, analyze discuss current progress terms air, light, thermal mechanical stability. Finally, propose future research directions overcome challenges achieving highly stable OSCs. We expect that will contribute solving problem OSCs, eventually paving way for applications near future.

Language: Английский

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Over 18.2% efficiency of layer–by–layer all–polymer solar cells enabled by homoleptic iridium(III) carbene complex as solid additive

Science Bulletin, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 69(18), P. 2862 - 2869

Published: July 15, 2024

Language: Английский

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Integration of polyoxometalate clusters with self-assembled monolayer for efficient and robust organic solar cells

Joule, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8(5), P. 1443 - 1456

Published: April 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Double Hole Transport Layers Enable 20.42% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells by Aggregation Control of Self‐Assembled Molecules on Cobalt Salt Surfaces

Small, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 26, 2025

Heterojunction interfaces play a crucial role in charge carrier transport, influencing the overall photovoltaic performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Despite importance, advancements interfacial engineering, especially optimizing microstructure and nanomorphology, have not kept pace with research on photoactive layers. In study, strategy is explored to control self-assembly growth alcohol-soluble Me-4PACz (4P) used as hole transport layer (HTL) OSCs. The surface architecture modified inorganic Co salts via Cu doping UV-ozone treatments, creating smooth top an increased Co3+/Co2+ ratio hydroxyl groups. This meticulous design fine-tuned assembly behavior self-assembled molecules, resulting transition from spherical aggregates more uniform worm-like morphology. Additionally, electrical optical properties are optimized passivate defects enhance wettability solvents, leading improved extraction reduced recombination losses. Consequently, OSC Cu-Co/4P HTL exhibited highest power conversion efficiency 20.42% (certified 20.20%). characteristic universality stability make potential candidate for widespread applications, particularly providing rationalized guidance further

Language: Английский

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Nickel(II) Nitrate Hole‐Transporting Layers for Single‐Junction Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells with a Record 19.02 % Efficiency

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 62(21)

Published: March 17, 2023

A facile strategy was developed here to improve the film quality of nickel-based hole transporting layer (HTL) for efficient organic solar cell (OSC) applications. To prevent agglomeration Ni(NO3 )2 during deposition, acetylacetonate added into precursor solution, which led formation an amorphous and glass-like state. After thermal annealing (TA) treatment, film-forming ability could be further improved. The additional UV-ozone (UVO) treatment continuously improved increased work function conductivity such HTL. resulting TA & UVO modified Hacac HTL produced highly cells with exciting power conversion efficiencies 18.42 % 19.02 PM6 : BTP-eC9 D18 BTP-Th devices, respectively, much higher than control PEDOT PSS devices.

Language: Английский

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Vertical Phase Regulation with 1,3,5‐Tribromobenzene Leads to 18.5% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(26)

Published: July 9, 2023

The sequential deposition method assists the vertical phase distribution in photoactive layer of organic solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiencies. With this film coating approach, morphology both layers can be fine-tuned with high boiling solvent additives, as frequently applied one-step casting films. However, introducing liquid additives compromise morphological stability devices due to residuals. Herein, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TBB) volatility and low cost, is used a solid additive acceptor solution combined thermal annealing regulate cells composed D18-Cl/L8-BO. Compared control treated TBB those that underwent additional processing exhibit increased exciton generation rate, charge carrier mobility, lifetime, reduced bimolecular recombination. As result, TBB-treated achieve champion efficiency 18.5% (18.1% averaged), one highest efficiencies binary open circuit voltage exceeding 900 mV. This study ascribes advanced device performance gradient-distributed donor-acceptor concentrations direction. findings provide guidelines for optimizing sequentially deposited top high-performance cells.

Language: Английский

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NiO_x Nanoparticles Hole‐Transporting Layer Regulated by Ionic Radius‐Controlled Doping and Reductive Agent for Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19.18%

Advanced Materials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 36(7)

Published: Nov. 30, 2023

Abstract Nickel oxide (NiO x ) has garnered considerable attention as a prospective hole‐transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells (OSCs), offering potential solution to the stability challenges posed by traditional HTL, PEDOT:PSS, arising from acidity and hygroscopicity. Nevertheless, lower work function (WF) of NiO relative donor polymers reduces charge injection efficiency OSCs. Herein, nanoparticles are tailored through rare earth doping optimize WF impact ionic radius on their electronic properties is explored. Lanthanum (La 3+ yttrium (Y ions, with larger radii, effectively doped at 1 3%, respectively, while scandium (Sc ), smaller ion radius, allows enhanced 5% doping. Higher ratios significantly enhance . A Sc raises 4.99 eV 4.77 for neat maintaining high conductivity. Consequently, using Sc‐doped HTL improves power conversion (PCE) OSCs 17.13%, surpassing 15.64% Further enhancement 18.42% achieved introducing reductant catechol, outperforming PEDOT:PSS‐based devices. Additionally, when employed ternary blend system (D18:N3:F‐BTA3), an impressive PCE 19.18 % realized, top‐performing among reported utilizing solution‐processed inorganic nanoparticles.

Language: Английский

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The Influence of Donor/Acceptor Interfaces on Organic Solar Cells Efficiency and Stability Revealed through Theoretical Calculations and Morphology Characterizations

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(10)

Published: Jan. 8, 2024

Abstract End‐groups halogenation strategies, generally refers to fluorination and chlorination, have been confirmed as simple efficient methods regulate the photoelectric performance of non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs), but a controversy over which one is better has existed for long time. Here, two novel NFAs, C9N3‐4F C9N3‐4Cl, featured with different end‐groups were successfully synthesized blended renowned donors, D18 PM6, electron‐withdrawing units. Detailed theoretical calculations morphology characterizations interface structures indicate NFAs based on possess binding energy miscibility shows an obvious influence phase‐separation morphology, charge transport behavior device performance. After verified by other three pairs reported universal conclusion obtained devices fluorination‐end‐groups‐based PM6 chlorination‐end‐groups‐based show excellent efficiencies, high fill factors stability. Finally, D18: PM6: C9N3‐4Cl yield outstanding efficiency 18.53 % 18.00 %, respectively. Suitably selecting donor regulating donor/acceptor can accurately present conversion ability points out way further molecular design selection high‐performance stable organic solar cells.

Language: Английский

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Promising Cobalt Oxide Hole Transport Layer for Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Abstract The inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on inorganic metal oxide hole transport layers (HTLs) bear the merits of high device stability and low material cost. However, existence metal‐vacancy defects surface layer is a key constraint achieving efficiency stability, like case well‐known nickel (NiO x ) HTL. Here, cobalt (CoO HTL with defect‐less prepared by solution process using Co(OH) 2 as source water an eco‐friendly solvent for first time. PSCs CoO show superior thermal ultraviolet over conventional NiO counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that has higher formation energy defect well interfacial adhesion than , resulting in chemically stable HTL/perovskite interface. After further manipulating microstructure electronic properties via magnesium acetate doping, 22.35% achieved ambient‐processed FA 0.4 MA 0.6 I 3 light‐absorbing layer. Such exceeds all existing results reported ‐based value >24% attainable facile interface modification. according also demonstrates robust operational air without encapsulation.

Language: Английский

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Facilely Modified Nickel‐Based Hole Transporting Layers for Organic Solar Cells with 19.12% Efficiency and Enhanced Stability

Small, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 20(34)

Published: April 10, 2024

Abstract Hole transporting layers (HTLs), strategically positioned between electrode and light absorber, play a pivotal role in shaping charge extraction transport organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the commonly used poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL, with its hygroscopic acidic nature, undermines operational durability of OSC devices. Herein, an environmentally friendly approach is developed utilizing nickel acetate tetrahydrate (NiAc·4H 2 O) [2‐(9H‐carbazol‐9‐yl)ethyl] phosphonic acid (2PACz) as NiAc·4H O/2PACz aiming at overcoming limitations posed by conventional PEDOT:PSS one. Encouragingly, remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) 19.12% obtained for OSCs employing surpassing that devices HTL (17.59%), which ranked among highest ones OSCs. This improvement attributed to appropriate work function, enhanced hole mobility, facilitated exciton dissociation efficiency, lower recombination loss O/2PACz‐based Furthermore, exhibit superior stability compared their PEDOT:PSS‐based counterparts. Of significant note, demonstrates broad generality, boosting PCE PM6:PY‐IT PM6:Y6‐based from 16.47% 16.79% (with analogs HTLs) 17.36% 17.57%, respectively. These findings underscore substantial potential advancing OSCs, offering improved performance stability, thereby opening avenue highly efficient reliable energy harvesting technologies.

Language: Английский

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