Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling: A review

Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9, P. 100673 - 100673

Published: Feb. 23, 2024

It is difficult to reuse wastes from polymers due the mismatch between amount of contaminants and secondary quality feed. This type operation much more expensive cost-effective than production polymer raw materials latest materials. However, recyclable beneficial if used extensively in various concrete products wood-polymer boards. done only cleaning sorting are not particularly important for products. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) a widely industries its excellent physical chemical properties. Besides, increasing use PET has led global crisis waste management, as improper disposal caused significant environmental damage. major source accumulated landfills, address this issue, recycling methods have evolved. In regard, present review examines techniques involved PET. Conventional influence diverse depolymerization reaction variables were discussed, upsides downsides each technique considered. The summarizes advances technologies plastic waste, focusing on bio-recycling PET, aiming sustainable, economical solutions circular economy.

Language: Английский

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Theoretical insights into chemical recycling of polyethylene terephthalate (PET)

Polymer Degradation and Stability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 223, P. 110729 - 110729

Published: March 5, 2024

Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) is one of the most commonly used plastics. Currently, PET waste has been mainly recycled through mechanical methods and alternative effective ways have emerged, such as chemical recycling including ammonolysis, aminolysis, hydrolysis, alcoholysis glycolysis. However, a precise understanding reaction mechanisms kinetics these lacking. This paper aims at providing comprehensive review elucidating methods, considering various catalysts, solvents heating modes. The degradation performance each method its suitability towards circular economy discussed compared. It concluded that novel processes glycolysis stand out promising methods. process via can be significantly enhanced by increased interactions facilitated synergic effect mechanism, improved provided advanced modes microwave-assisted techniques. Heterogeneous catalysts with large surface area were found to promote efficient into monomer, Bis(2-Hydroxyethyl) terephthalate (BHET); also offer environmental economic advantages owing their ease separation reusability. provides guidance for future research aimed designing an process. was identified advance in near future, focus on 1) utilising heterogeneous catalyst supports induce mechanisms, 2) advancing technologies microwave heating. Furthermore, should considered context high BHET yield/selectivity, mild conditions, short times reusability, economical feasibility industrial scale.

Language: Английский

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Selective Upcycling of Polyethylene Terephthalate towards High‐valued Oxygenated Chemical Methyl p‐Methyl Benzoate using a Cu/ZrO₂ Catalyst

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(11)

Published: Jan. 10, 2024

Abstract Upgrading of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) waste into valuable oxygenated molecules is a fascinating process, yet it remains challenging. Herein, we developed two‐step strategy involving methanolysis PET to dimethyl (DMT), followed by hydrogenation DMT produce the high‐valued chemical methyl p‐methyl benzoate (MMB) using fixed‐bed reactor and Cu/ZrO 2 catalyst. Interestingly, discovered phase structure ZrO significantly regulates selectivity products. Cu supported on monoclinic (5 %Cu/m‐ZrO ) exhibits an exceptional 86 % for conversion MMB, while tetragonal %Cu/t‐ZrO predominantly produces p‐xylene (PX) with 75 %. The superior MMB over Cu/m‐ZrO can be attributed weaker acid sites present m‐ZrO compared t‐ZrO . This weak acidity leads moderate adsorption capability facilitating its desorption. Furthermore, DFT calculations reveal catalyst shows higher effective energy barrier cleavage second C−O bond Cu/t‐ZrO catalyst; this distinction ensures high MMB. not only presents approach upgrading fine chemicals but also offers controlling primary product in multistep reaction.

Language: Английский

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Production of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from microwave co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate and low-density polyethylene using coconut husk carbon as microwave absorbent

Chemical Engineering Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 488, P. 150732 - 150732

Published: March 27, 2024

Language: Английский

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Value‐Added Upcycling of PET to 1,4‐Cyclohexanedimethanol by a Hydrogenation/Hydrogenolysis Relay Catalysis

Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 63(37)

Published: June 26, 2024

Abstract We present an innovative process for directly transforming poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), a polymer extensively used in food and beverage packaging, into trans ‐isomer‐enriched 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM), key ingredient advanced specialty polymers. Our approach leverages dual‐catalyst system featuring palladium on reduced graphene oxide (Pd/ r ‐GO) oxalate‐gel‐derived copper‐zinc ( og ‐CuZn), utilizing hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis relay catalysis. This method efficiently transforms PET polyethylene‐1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate (PECHD), which is then converted CHDM with impressive overall yield of 95 % two‐stage process. effectively handles various post‐consumer plastics, converting them yields between 78 89 across different substrates. Additionally, we demonstrate the applicability scalability this through temperature‐programmed three‐stage 10‐gram scale, results purified isolated 87 notably higher / cis ratio up to 4.09/1, far exceeding that commercially available CHDM. research not only provides viable route repurposing waste but also enhances control selectivity patterns multistage

Language: Английский

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Chemical recycling of PET to value-added products

RSC Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 1(9), P. 2135 - 2147

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

This review has focused on the concept of upcycling, which involves utilizing PET waste as a raw material for production value-added products such monomers, fine chemicals, hydrogen, or carbon materials.

Language: Английский

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Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Recycled by Catalytic Glycolysis: A Bridge toward Circular Economy Principles

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(12), P. 2991 - 2991

Published: June 18, 2024

Plastic pollution has escalated into a critical global issue, with production soaring from 2 million metric tons in 1950 to 400.3 2022. The packaging industry alone accounts for nearly 44% of this production, predominantly utilizing polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Alarmingly, over 90% the approximately 1 PET bottles sold every minute end up landfills or oceans, where they can persist centuries. This highlights urgent need sustainable management and recycling solutions mitigate environmental impact waste. To better understand PET's behavior promote its within circular economy, we examined chemical physical properties, current strategies most effective methods available today. Advancing economy framework by closing industrial loops demonstrated benefits such as reduced landfill waste, minimized energy consumption, conserved raw resources. end, identified various based on R-imperatives (ranging 3R 10R), focusing latest approaches aimed at significantly reducing waste 2040. Additionally, comparison (including primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary recycling, along concepts "zero-order" biological techniques) was envisaged. Particular attention paid heterogeneous catalytic glycolysis, which stands out rapid reaction time (20-60 min), high monomer yields (>90%), ease catalyst recovery reuse, lower costs, enhanced durability. Accordingly, use highly efficient oxide-based catalysts glycolytic degradation is underscored promising solution large-scale applications.

Language: Английский

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Monomer recycling of polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate and polyethers: Scalable processes to achieve high carbon circularity

Progress in Polymer Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 149, P. 101783 - 101783

Published: Dec. 28, 2023

Language: Английский

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Construction and Demolition Waste Management and its Impacts on the Environment and Human Health: Moving Forward Sustainability Enhancement

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 105855 - 105855

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Advances in solar-driven, electro/photoelectrochemical, and microwave-assisted upcycling of waste polyesters

Chemical Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 60(21), P. 2828 - 2838

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

This Feature Article systematically elaborates on various emerging technologies for the upcycling of polyesters, while also anticipating future development directions.

Language: Английский

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