Molecules from nature: Reconciling biodiversity conservation and global healthcare imperatives for sustainable use of medicinal plants and fungi

Plants People Planet, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2(5), P. 463 - 481

Published: Sept. 1, 2020

Societal Impact Statement Plants and fungi have provided, or inspired, key pharmaceuticals for global health challenges, including cancer, heart disease, dementia, malaria, are valued as traditional medicines worldwide. Global demand medicinal plants has threatened certain species, contributing to biodiversity loss depletion of natural resources that important the humanity. We consider evolving role in healthcare new challenges human arise. present current emerging scientific approaches, uncover preserve nature‐based solutions future, through harmonization with conservation strategies. Summary Non‐communicable diseases, cardiovascular diabetes, main causes deaths globally, communicable diseases such malaria tuberculosis affect billions people. provided our armory against these while some regions world, they continue a central systems medicines. Consequently, is driving factor loss. Yet future therapeutics from nature evolving. Scientific advances enabling untapped potential world's be explored their value, reveal other roles may improving well‐being; this demonstrates value capital an incentive conservation. Emerging technologies also offer hope safeguarding essential by revealing more sustainable sourcing products. This review discusses recent developments approaches discovery products medicines, well‐being, strategies harmonize therapeutic use its proactive solutions.

Language: Английский

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Madagascar’s extraordinary biodiversity: Evolution, distribution, and use

Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 378(6623)

Published: Dec. 1, 2022

Madagascar's biota is hyperdiverse and includes exceptional levels of endemicity. We review the current state knowledge on past terrestrial freshwater biodiversity by compiling presenting comprehensive data species diversity, endemism, rates description human uses, in addition to an updated simplified map vegetation types. report a substantial increase records new science recent years; however, diversity evolution many groups remain practically unknown (e.g., fungi most invertebrates). Digitization efforts are increasing resolution richness patterns we highlight crucial role field- collections-based research for advancing identifying gaps our understanding, particularly as corresponds closely collection effort. Phylogenetic mirror that endemism analyzed groups. humid forests centers because their refugia rapid radiations. However, distinct other areas, such grassland-woodland mosaic Central Highlands spiny forest southwest, also biologically important despite lower richness. The documented uses Malagasy manifold, with much potential uncovering useful traits food, medicine, climate mitigation. presented here showcase Madagascar unique "living laboratory" understanding complex interactions between people nature. gathering analysis must continue accelerate if fully understand safeguard this subset Earth's biodiversity.

Language: Английский

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A Systematic Review of Agricultural Sustainability Indicators

Agriculture, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 241 - 241

Published: Jan. 19, 2023

A rapidly expanding field, sustainable agriculture aims to produce food and energy for people today future generations. The sustainability concept is different in every field; thus, the indicators are unique any area country. Sustainable contains three main dimensions: economic, environmental, social. has been focus of researchers past twenty-five years attracted much attention. Many tried identify these dimensions, but there a lack new research concerned with grouping all together. Moreover, will change year, so list needs be frequently updated. This study follows protocol SALSA (Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis) PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses). Web Science (WoS) was used literature search. total 101 were found from previous studies social, environment, economic. In order measure most important agriculture, paper proposes an appropriate set indicators, as well providing papers analyzed by year publication, continent, topic.

Language: Английский

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Indigenous knowledge is key to sustainable food systems

Nature, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 613(7943), P. 239 - 242

Published: Jan. 10, 2023

Language: Английский

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The next era of crop domestication starts now

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 120(14)

Published: March 27, 2023

Current food systems are challenged by relying on a few input-intensive, staple crops. The prioritization of yield and the loss diversity during recent history domestication has created contemporary crops cropping that ecologically unsustainable, vulnerable to climate change, nutrient poor, socially inequitable. For decades, scientists have proposed as solution address these challenges global security. Here, we outline possibilities for new era crop domestication, focused broadening palette diversity, engages benefits three elements domestication: crops, ecosystems, humans. We explore how suite tools technologies at hand can be applied renew in existing improve underutilized domesticate bolster genetic, agroecosystem, system diversity. Implementing requires researchers, funders, policymakers boldly invest basic translational research. Humans need more diverse Anthropocene-the process help build them.

Language: Английский

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The global distribution of plants used by humans

Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 383(6680), P. 293 - 297

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Plants sustain human life. Understanding geographic patterns of the diversity species used by people is thus essential for sustainable management plant resources. Here, we investigate global distribution 35,687 utilized spanning 10 use categories (e.g., food, medicine, material). Our findings indicate general concordance between and total diversity, supporting potential simultaneously conserving its contributions to people. Although Indigenous lands across Mesoamerica, Horn Africa, Southern Asia harbor a disproportionate plants, incidence protected areas negatively correlated with richness. Finding mechanisms preserve containing concentrations plants traditional knowledge must become priority implementation Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Language: Английский

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Assessing the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom)

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Jan. 16, 2024

There is a huge gap between food production and the exploding population demands in various parts of world, especially developing countries. This increases chances malnutrition, leading to increased disease incidence need for functional foods reduce mortality. Pleurotus ostreatus are edible mushrooms that cheaply sourced rich nutrient with potential be harnessed toward addressing present future crisis while serving as prevention treatment. study evaluated nutritional, proximate, vitamins amino acids contents . The proximate composition this revealed it contains 43.42% carbohydrate, 23.63% crude fiber, 17.06% protein, 8.22% ash, 1.21% lipid moisture content 91.01 6.46% fresh dry samples ostreatus, respectively monosaccharide disaccharide profile presence glucose (55.08 g/100 g), xylose (7.19 fructose (19.70 galactose (17.47 trehalose (7.37 chitobiose (11.79 maltose (29.21 sucrose (51.60 g) lower amounts cellobiose (0.01 erythrose (0.48 other unidentified sugars. Potassium, Iron Magnesium were highest minerals 12.25 mg, 9.66 mg 7.00 amounts, respectively. vitamin A (2.93 IU/100 C (16.46 mg/100 E (21.50 B B2 having concentration 92.97 mg/kg. acid scores showed had more non-essential (564.17 than essential (67.83 ratio 0.11. Lysine (23.18 was aspartic (492.12 mg/kg) It higher acidic acids, 492.12 g (77.87%), followed by neutral 106.66 (16.88%) least basic 23.18 (3.67%). Based on nutritional assessment analyzed study, can concluded serve an important source exploited meet increasing micronutrient deficiencies many

Language: Английский

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Born to Eat Wild: An Integrated Conservation Approach to Secure Wild Food Plants for Food Security and Nutrition

Plants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(10), P. 1299 - 1299

Published: Oct. 1, 2020

Overlooked in national reports and conservation programs, wild food plants (WFPs) have been a vital component of nutrition security for centuries. Recently, several countries reported on the widespread regular consumption WFPs, particularly by rural indigenous communities but also urban contexts. They are as critical livelihood resilience providing essential micronutrients to people enduring shortages or other emergency situations. However, threats derived from changes land use climate, overexploitation urbanization reducing availability these biological resources contributing loss traditional knowledge associated with their use. Meanwhile, few policy measures place explicitly targeting sustainable This can be partially attributed lack scientific evidence awareness among policymakers relevant stakeholders untapped potential accompanied market non-market barriers limiting paper reviews recent efforts being undertaken build importance while examples cross-sectoral cooperation multi-stakeholder approaches that advance An integrated approach is proposed secure future generations.

Language: Английский

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Modern Strategies to Assess and Breed Forest Tree Adaptation to Changing Climate

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Oct. 21, 2020

Studying the genetics of adaptation to new environments in ecologically and industrially important tree species is currently a major research line fields plant science genetic improvement for tolerance abiotic stress. Exploring genomic basis local imperative assessing conditions under which trees will successfully adapt situ global climate change. However, this knowledge has scarcely been used conservation forest because woody perennials face limitations such as their outcrossing reproductive systems, long juvenile phase, huge genome sizes. Therefore, review we discuss predictive approaches that promise increasing selection accuracy shortening generation intervals. They may also assist detection novel allelic variants from germplasm, disclose potential different environments. For instance, natural populations allow using tools population genomics field study signatures adaptation. Conventional markers whole sequencing both help identifying genes diverge between more than expected neutrality, exhibit unique diversity indicative 'selective sweeps'. Ultimately, these efforts inform breeding status capable pivoting health, ecosystem services, sustainable production. Key long-term perspectives include understanding how trees' phylogeographic history affect adaptive relevant variation available environmental Encouraging 'big data' (machine learning –ML) comprehensively merging heterogeneous ecological datasets becomes imperative, too.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing Crop Wild Diversity for Climate Change Adaptation

Genes, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 783 - 783

Published: May 20, 2021

Warming and drought are reducing global crop production with a potential to substantially worsen malnutrition. As the green revolution in last century, plant genetics may offer concrete opportunities increase yield adaptability. However, rate at which threat is happening requires powering new strategies order meet food demand. In this review, we highlight major recent ‘big data’ developments from both empirical theoretical genomics that speed up identification, conservation, breeding of exotic elite varieties feed humans. We first emphasize bottlenecks capture utilize novel sources variation abiotic stress (i.e., heat drought) tolerance. argue adaptation wild relatives dry environments could be informative on how phenotypes react drier climate because natural selection has already tested more options than humans ever will. Because isolated pockets cryptic diversity still persist remote semi-arid regions, encourage habitat-based population-guided collections for genebanks. continue discussing systematically study tolerance these landraces using geo-referencing extensive environmental data. By uncovering genes underlie adaptive trait, introgressed into cultivars. unlocking genetic hidden related species early remains challenge complex traits that, as tolerance, polygenic regulated by many low-effect genes). Therefore, finish prospecting modern analytical approaches will serve overcome issue. Concretely, genomic prediction, machine learning, multi-trait gene editing, all innovative alternatives accurate pre- efforts toward adaptability yield, while matching future demands face increased drought. succeed, advocate trans-disciplinary approach open-source data long-term funding. The perspectives discussed throughout review ultimately aim contribute waves events.

Language: Английский

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