Water Resources Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
60(10)
Published: Oct. 1, 2024
Abstract
Soil
moisture
(SM)
is
an
essential
climate
variable,
governing
land‐atmosphere
interactions,
runoff
generation,
and
vegetation
growth
productivity.
Timely
forecasts
of
SM
spatial
distribution
vertical
profiles
are
needed
for
early
detection
prediction
potential
droughts.
However,
previous
studies
have
primarily
concentrated
on
historical
or
near
real‐time
soil
mapping,
with
less
effort
devoted
to
the
development
integration
forecast
components
within
drought
assessment
systems.
A
satellite‐driven
machine‐learning
approach
was
developed
in
this
study
build
complex
relationships
between
diversified
predictor
data
sets
situ
multi‐layer
measurements
from
Montana
Mesonet,
a
regionally
dense
environmental
station
network
US
upper
Missouri
Columbia
basins.
The
resulting
30‐m
daily
predictions
showed
strong
performance
against
4‐,
8‐
20‐inch
layers,
1‐
2‐week
lead
times
(
R
>
0.91;
RMSE
≤
0.047
cm
3
/cm
).
model
subsequently
applied
entire
region,
deficit
both
successfully
depicted
onset,
progression,
termination
phases
2017
flash
drought,
which
not
effectively
identified
prevailing
operational
system
capable
delineating
local
scale
heterogeneity,
could
be
extended
predict
other
critical
water
cycle
variables,
potentially
enhancing
future
through
multivariate
assessments
benefiting
resource
management,
agricultural
practices,
provision
ecosystem
services.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Aug. 20, 2024
Abstract
The
2023
wildfire
season
in
Canada
was
unprecedented
its
scale
and
intensity,
spanning
from
mid-April
to
late
October
across
much
of
the
forested
regions
Canada.
Here,
we
summarize
main
causes
impacts
this
exceptional
season.
record-breaking
total
area
burned
(~15
Mha)
can
be
attributed
several
environmental
factors
that
converged
early
season:
snowmelt,
multiannual
drought
conditions
western
Canada,
rapid
transition
eastern
Anthropogenic
climate
change
enabled
sustained
extreme
fire
weather
conditions,
as
mean
May–October
temperature
over
2.2
°C
warmer
than
1991–2020
average.
were
profound
with
more
200
communities
evacuated,
millions
exposed
hazardous
air
quality
smoke,
unmatched
demands
on
fire-fighting
resources.
not
only
set
new
records,
but
highlights
increasing
challenges
posed
by
wildfires
Authorea (Authorea),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 28, 2024
The
2023
wildfire
season
in
Canada
was
unprecedented
its
scale
and
intensity.
Spanning
from
late
April
to
early
November
extending
across
much
of
the
forested
regions
Canada,
resulted
a
record-breaking
total
area
burned
approximately
15
million
hectares,
over
seven
times
historic
national
annual
average.
impacts
were
profound
with
more
than
200
communities
evacuated
(approximately
232,000
people),
periods
dense
smoke
that
caused
significant
public
health
concerns,
demands
on
fire-fighting
resources.
exceptional
can
be
attributed
several
environmental
factors
converged
enable
extreme
fire
danger
country.
These
included
snowmelt,
interannual
drought
conditions
western
rapid
transition
eastern
Canada.
Furthermore,
mean
May-October
temperature
staggering
2.2°C
warmer
normal
(1991-2020),
enabling
sustained
weather
throughout
season.
led
larger
proportion
very
large
fires
(>
50,000
hectares),
many
having
for
months
spring
into
fall.
Fires
started
May
or
June
accounted
two-thirds
burned.
Overall,
characterized
by
major
societal
impacts,
setting
new
records
highlighting
increasing
challenges
posed
wildfires
Hydrology and earth system sciences,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
28(8), P. 1827 - 1851
Published: April 22, 2024
Abstract.
In
recent
years,
extreme
droughts
in
the
United
States
have
increased
frequency
and
severity,
underlining
a
need
to
improve
our
understanding
of
vegetation
resilience
adaptation.
Flash
are
events
marked
by
rapid
dry
down
soils
due
lack
precipitation,
high
temperatures,
air.
These
also
associated
with
reduced
preparation,
response,
management
time
windows
before
during
drought,
exacerbating
their
detrimental
impacts
on
people
food
systems.
Improvements
actionable
information
for
flash
drought
informed
atmospheric
land
surface
processes,
including
responses
feedbacks
from
vegetation.
Phenologic
state,
or
growth
stage,
is
an
important
metric
modeling
how
modulates
land–atmosphere
interactions.
Reduced
stomatal
conductance
leads
cascading
effects
carbon
water
fluxes.
We
investigate
uncertainty
phenology
regulation
propagates
through
non-drought
periods
coupling
hydrology
model
predictive
model.
assess
role
partitioning
carbon,
water,
energy
fluxes
carry
out
comparison
against
periods.
selected
study
sites
Kansas,
USA,
that
were
impacted
2012
AmeriFlux
eddy
covariance
towers
which
provide
ground
observations
compare
estimates.
Results
show
compounding
precipitation
vapor
pressure
deficit
(VPD)
distinguish
other
High
VPD
shuts
modeled
conductance,
resulting
rates
evapotranspiration
(ET),
gross
primary
productivity
(GPP),
use
efficiency
(WUE)
fall
below
those
average
conditions.
Model
estimates
GPP
ET
decrease
similar
what
observed
winter,
indicating
plant
function
dormant
months.
results
implications
improving
predictions
Remote Sensing,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(9), P. 1564 - 1564
Published: April 28, 2024
Flash
droughts
tend
to
cause
severe
damage
agriculture
due
their
characteristics
of
sudden
onset
and
rapid
intensification.
Early
detection
the
response
vegetation
flash
is
utmost
importance
in
mitigating
effects
droughts,
as
it
can
provide
a
scientific
basis
for
establishing
an
early
warning
system.
The
commonly
used
method
determining
time
drought,
based
on
index
or
correlation
between
precipitation
anomaly
growth
anomaly,
leads
late
irreversible
drought
vegetation,
which
may
not
be
sufficient
use
analyzing
earning.
evapotranspiration-based
(ET-based)
indices
are
effective
indicator
identifying
monitoring
drought.
This
study
proposes
novel
approach
that
applies
cross-spectral
analysis
ET-based
index,
i.e.,
Evaporative
Stress
Anomaly
Index
(ESAI),
forcing
vegetation-based
Normalized
Vegetation
(NVAI),
response,
both
from
medium-resolution
remote
sensing
data,
estimate
lag
vitality
status
An
experiment
was
carried
out
North
China
during
March–September
period
2001–2020
using
products
at
1
km
spatial
resolution.
results
show
average
water
availability
estimated
by
over
5.9
days,
shorter
than
measured
widely
(26.5
days).
main
difference
phase
lies
fundamental
processes
behind
definitions
two
methods,
subtle
dynamic
fluctuation
signature
signal
(vegetation-based
index)
correlates
with
(ET-based
versus
impact
indicated
negative
NDVI
anomaly.
varied
types
irrigation
conditions.
rainfed
cropland,
irrigated
grassland,
forest
5.4,
5.8,
6.1,
6.9
respectively.
Forests
have
longer
grasses
crops
deeper
root
systems,
mitigate
impacts
droughts.
Our
method,
innovative
earlier
impending
impacts,
rather
waiting
occur.
information
detected
stage
help
decision
makers
developing
more
timely
strategies
ecosystems.
Flash
droughts,
characterized
by
their
rapid
onset,
substantially
affect
terrestrial
ecosystems.
However,
the
sensitivity
of
ecosystem
productivity
to
development
flash
droughts
under
varying
vegetation
conditions
remains
poorly
understood.
Here
we
investigate
response
speed
drought
onset
for
different
plant
functional
types,
considering
decline
rate
root-zone
soil
moisture
and
standardized
gross
primary
anomaly.
Our
findings
reveal
a
significant
increase
approximately
10%
in
proportion
1-
2-pentad
(5
10
days)
leading
negative
anomalies
during
2001–2018.
Furthermore,
while
at
higher
rates,
they
do
not
promptly
respond
on
shorter
timescale
faster-onset
compared
slower-onset
droughts.
Vegetation
types
with
shallower
root
systems
exhibit
sensitivities
suggesting
an
escalating
threat
ecosystems
changing
climate.
Fast-onset
have
become
more
frequent
between
2001
2018,
faster
is
associated
larger
impacts
productivity,
suggests
analysis
observation-based
data.
