Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
45(6), P. 964 - 975
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Toxic
manifestations
of
different
antibiotics
and
metal
compounds
have
been
studied
comprehensively
in
the
last
decades;
however,
their
co-toxicity
on
aquatic
organisms
is
poorly
investigated.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
oxidative
stress
imposed
zebrafish
kidney
tissue
when
exposed
amoxicillin
(AMX,
10
μg/L)
alone
or
combination
with
50
μg/L
As2O3
(equivalent
37.87
As)
and/or
15
mg/L
NaF
6.8
F)
for
days.
We
observed
increased
levels
cellular
ROS,
MDA,
GSH
along
activity
CAT
enzyme
all
treated
groups.
Disrupted
histoarchitecture,
including
degeneration
tubular
cells,
vacuolation,
necrotic
spots,
was
indicative
damage.
mRNA
expression
responsive
genes
like
nrf2,
gpx1,
hsp70,
keap1,
nqo1,
cat,
ho1
corroborated
data.
Translocation
Nrf2
from
cytoplasm
nucleus
its
subsequent
higher
Moreover,
mixture
effects
AMX
+
As
F
were
more
severe
than
other
combinations,
while
unique
exposure
had
minimum
effects.
Highlighting
involvement
Nrf2-Keap1-ARE
pathway,
these
findings
make
us
aware
synergistic
response
AMX,
As,
ecosystem,
putting
forward
a
great
threat
humankind.
Pesticide
factories
are
crucial
for
maintaining
crop
yields.
However,
pesticide
factory
wastewater
contains
complex
organic
pollutants
that,
if
not
properly
treated,
can
pose
severe
risks
to
aquatic
environments
and
human
health.
In
this
study,
performed
between
August
December
2022,
influent
effluent
water
samples
were
collected
from
a
treatment
facility
at
factory.
The
comprehensively
screened,
the
present
quantified
by
non-targeted
liquid
chromatography
high-resolution
mass
spectrometry.
Zebrafish
embryos
used
as
model
organisms
assess
toxicities
of
samples.
results
indicated
that
processes
decreased
overall
pollutant
concentration
but
number
persistent
concentrations
certain
compounds
(e.g.,
nitrogen-containing
substances,
2-aminophenol,
phenylmethyl
ketone)
increased
during
treatments.
more
toxic
than
zebrafish
in
terms
development,
locomotor
behavior,
neurotoxicity.
suggested
currently
entirely
effective
some
transformed
into
new
harmful
substances
treatment.
improve
our
understanding
environmental
posed
effluents
will
help
development
stricter
pollution
control
policies
advanced
techniques.
It
is
important
investigate
mechanisms
involved
contaminant
transformations
develop
innovative
techniques
aimed
decreasing
potential
F1000Research,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
14, P. 134 - 134
Published: Jan. 27, 2025
Heavy
metal
contamination
has
gradually
become
a
very
much
important
significant
global
issue
due
to
its
continual
existence
in
the
environment
and
bioaccumulation
ecosystems,
posing
deleterious
risks
human
health.
This
review
aims
investigate
sources,
pathways,
toxicological
impacts
of
heavy
metals
such
as
cadmium,
lead,
mercury,
arsenic,
elucidating
their
health
consequences
plausible
mitigation
strategies.
Furthermore,
explores
dual
origins
contamination;
natural
geological
processes
anthropogenic
activities
industrial
emissions,
mining,
agricultural
practices.
These
sip
into
soil,
water,
food
chains,
leading
bioaccumulation,
bio-magnification
causing
risks,
including
cardiovascular
diseases,
neurological
disorders,
reproductive
toxicity.
Additionally,
addition
indigenous
case
studies
from
Nigeria,
lead
poisoning
Zamfara
State
Great
Kwa
River
Cross
Rivers
underscores
disproportionate
impact
pollution
developing
nations.
reveal
socio-economic
environmental
dimensions
issue,
providing
contextual
understanding
region-specific
vulnerabilities
outcomes.
To
address
these
problems,
evaluates
already
existing
strategies,
chelation
therapy
phytoremediation,
while
proposing
sustainable,
cost-effective
solutions
for
reducing
exposure
mitigating
impacts.
It
emphasizes
importance
integrative
approaches
involving
policy,
community
engagement,
technological
innovations
fight
effectively.
In
conclusion,
this
seminar
contributes
toxicity,
giving
showcasing
insights
sources
implications
contamination.
By
integrating
theoretical
perspectives
with
practical
solutions,
provides
robust
framework
informing
policy
makers
advancing
sustainable
management
practices.
Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
45(6), P. 964 - 975
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
Toxic
manifestations
of
different
antibiotics
and
metal
compounds
have
been
studied
comprehensively
in
the
last
decades;
however,
their
co-toxicity
on
aquatic
organisms
is
poorly
investigated.
This
study
aimed
to
evaluate
oxidative
stress
imposed
zebrafish
kidney
tissue
when
exposed
amoxicillin
(AMX,
10
μg/L)
alone
or
combination
with
50
μg/L
As2O3
(equivalent
37.87
As)
and/or
15
mg/L
NaF
6.8
F)
for
days.
We
observed
increased
levels
cellular
ROS,
MDA,
GSH
along
activity
CAT
enzyme
all
treated
groups.
Disrupted
histoarchitecture,
including
degeneration
tubular
cells,
vacuolation,
necrotic
spots,
was
indicative
damage.
mRNA
expression
responsive
genes
like
nrf2,
gpx1,
hsp70,
keap1,
nqo1,
cat,
ho1
corroborated
data.
Translocation
Nrf2
from
cytoplasm
nucleus
its
subsequent
higher
Moreover,
mixture
effects
AMX
+
As
F
were
more
severe
than
other
combinations,
while
unique
exposure
had
minimum
effects.
Highlighting
involvement
Nrf2-Keap1-ARE
pathway,
these
findings
make
us
aware
synergistic
response
AMX,
As,
ecosystem,
putting
forward
a
great
threat
humankind.
