Biomarker Research,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
11(1)
Published: Jan. 18, 2023
Abstract
High-frequency
mutations
in
tumor
genomes
could
be
exploited
as
an
asset
for
developing
vaccines.
In
recent
years,
with
the
tremendous
breakthrough
genomics,
intelligence
algorithm,
and
in-depth
insight
of
immunology,
it
has
become
possible
to
rapidly
target
genomic
alterations
cell
rationally
select
vaccine
targets.
Among
a
variety
candidate
platforms,
early
application
mRNA
was
limited
by
instability
low
efficiency
excessive
immunogenicity
until
successful
development
vaccines
against
SARS-COV-2
broken
technical
bottleneck
preparation,
allowing
prepared
economical
way
good
performance
stability
efficiency.
this
review,
we
systematically
summarized
classification
characteristics
antigens,
general
process
methods
screening
neoantigens,
strategies
preparations
advances
clinical
trials,
well
presented
main
challenges
current
development.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
8(1)
Published: Jan. 6, 2023
Abstract
Recent
advances
in
neoantigen
research
have
accelerated
the
development
and
regulatory
approval
of
tumor
immunotherapies,
including
cancer
vaccines,
adoptive
cell
therapy
antibody-based
therapies,
especially
for
solid
tumors.
Neoantigens
are
newly
formed
antigens
generated
by
cells
as
a
result
various
tumor-specific
alterations,
such
genomic
mutation,
dysregulated
RNA
splicing,
disordered
post-translational
modification,
integrated
viral
open
reading
frames.
recognized
non-self
trigger
an
immune
response
that
is
not
subject
to
central
peripheral
tolerance.
The
quick
identification
prediction
neoantigens
been
made
possible
advanced
next-generation
sequencing
bioinformatic
technologies.
Compared
tumor-associated
antigens,
highly
immunogenic
provide
emerging
targets
personalized
serve
prospective
predictors
survival
prognosis
checkpoint
blockade
responses.
therapies
will
be
aided
understanding
mechanism
underlying
neoantigen-induced
anti-tumor
streamlining
process
neoantigen-based
immunotherapies.
This
review
provides
overview
on
characterization
outlines
clinical
applications
immunotherapeutic
strategies
based
neoantigens.
We
also
explore
their
current
status,
inherent
challenges,
translation
potential.
Science,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
373(6555), P. 642 - 648
Published: June 24, 2021
SARS-CoV-2
from
alpha
to
epsilon
As
battles
contain
the
COVID-19
pandemic
continue,
attention
is
focused
on
emerging
variants
of
severe
acute
respiratory
syndrome
coronavirus
2
(SARS-CoV-2)
virus
that
have
been
deemed
concern
because
they
are
resistant
antibodies
elicited
by
infection
or
vaccination
increase
transmissibility
disease
severity.
Three
papers
used
functional
and
structural
studies
explore
how
mutations
in
viral
spike
protein
affect
its
ability
infect
host
cells
evade
immunity.
Gobeil
et
al
.
looked
at
a
variant
involved
transmission
between
minks
humans,
as
well
B1.1.7
(alpha),
B.1.351
(beta),
P1
(gamma)
variants;
Cai
beta
McCallum
discuss
properties
B1.1.427/B.1.429
(epsilon)
variant.
Together,
these
show
balance
among
enhance
stability,
those
binding
human
receptor
ACE2,
confer
resistance
neutralizing
antibodies.
—VV
Science,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
375(6585), P. 1127 - 1132
Published: March 10, 2022
A
diverse
array
of
successful,
first-generation
SARS-CoV-2
vaccines
have
played
a
huge
role
in
efforts
to
bring
the
COVID-19
pandemic
under
control,
even
though
inequitable
distribution
still
leaves
many
vulnerable.
Additional
challenges
loom
for
next
phase.
These
include
optimizing
immunological
rationale
boosting-how
often
and
with
what-and
best
approaches
building
future-proofed,
durable
immune
repertoire
protect
against
oncoming
viral
variants,
including
children.
The
landscape
vaccine
producers
technologies
is
likely
become
more
heterogeneous.
There
need
now
appraisal
future
approaches:
While
some
favor
frequent
boosting
first-generation,
ancestral
spike
vaccines,
others
propose
readjustment
using
current
variant
sequences,
polyvalent
or
pan-coronavirus
strategies.
Regenerative Biomaterials,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
9
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
Nowadays,
biomaterials
have
evolved
from
the
inert
supports
or
functional
substitutes
to
bioactive
materials
able
trigger
promote
regenerative
potential
of
tissues.
The
interdisciplinary
progress
has
broadened
definition
'biomaterials',
and
a
typical
new
insight
is
concept
tissue
induction
biomaterials.
term
'regenerative
biomaterials'
thus
contents
this
article
are
relevant
yet
beyond
This
review
summarizes
recent
medical
including
metals,
ceramics,
hydrogels,
other
polymers
bio-derived
materials.
As
application
aspects
concerned,
introduces
for
bone
cartilage
regeneration,
cardiovascular
repair,
3D
bioprinting,
wound
healing
cosmetology.
Cell-biomaterial
interactions
highlighted.
Since
global
pandemic
coronavirus
disease
2019,
particularly
mentions
public
health
emergency.
In
last
section,
perspectives
suggested:
(i)
creation
source
innovation;
(ii)
modification
existing
an
effective
strategy
performance
improvement;
(iii)
biomaterial
degradation
regeneration
required
be
harmonious
with
each
other;
(iv)
host
responses
can
significantly
influence
clinical
outcomes;
(v)
long-term
outcomes
should
paid
more
attention
to;
(vi)
noninvasive
approaches
monitoring
Vaccines,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
10(11), P. 1946 - 1946
Published: Nov. 17, 2022
Vaccination
is
still
the
most
cost-effective
way
to
combat
infectious
illnesses.
Conventional
vaccinations
may
have
low
immunogenicity
and,
in
situations,
only
provide
partial
protection.
A
new
class
of
nanoparticle-based
has
shown
considerable
promise
addressing
majority
shortcomings
traditional
and
subunit
vaccines.
This
due
recent
breakthroughs
chemical
biological
engineering,
which
allow
for
exact
regulation
nanoparticle
size,
shape,
functionality,
surface
characteristics,
resulting
improved
antigen
presentation
robust
immunogenicity.
blend
physicochemical,
immunological,
toxicological
experiments
can
be
used
accurately
characterize
nanovaccines.
narrative
review
will
an
overview
current
scenario
nanovaccine.
Science Translational Medicine,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(629)
Published: Jan. 26, 2022
Global
deployment
of
vaccines
that
can
provide
protection
across
several
age
groups
is
still
urgently
needed
to
end
the
COVID-19
pandemic,
especially
in
low-
and
middle-income
countries.
Although
against
SARS-CoV-2
based
on
mRNA
adenoviral
vector
technologies
have
been
rapidly
developed,
additional
practical
scalable
are
required
meet
global
demand.
Protein
subunit
formulated
with
appropriate
adjuvants
represent
an
approach
address
this
urgent
need.
The
receptor
binding
domain
(RBD)
a
key
target
neutralizing
antibodies
but
poorly
immunogenic.
We
therefore
compared
pattern
recognition
(PRR)
agonists
alone
or
aluminum
hydroxide
(AH)
benchmarked
them
AS01B
AS03-like
emulsion-based
for
their
potential
enhance
RBD
immunogenicity
young
aged
mice.
found
AH
CpG
adjuvant
formulation
(AH:CpG)
produced
80-fold
increase
anti-RBD
antibody
titers
both
relative
protected
mice
from
challenge.
AH:CpG-adjuvanted
vaccine
elicited
wild-type
B.1.351
(beta)
variant
at
serum
concentrations
comparable
those
induced
by
licensed
Pfizer-BioNTech
BNT162b2
vaccine.
AH:CpG
similar
cytokine
chemokine
gene
enrichment
patterns
draining
lymph
nodes
adult
enhanced
production
human
mononuclear
cells
younger
older
adults.
These
data
support
further
development
as
affordable
may
be
effective
multiple
groups.
Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
122(21), P. 16294 - 16328
Published: Sept. 30, 2022
The
bottom-up
assembly
of
biological
and
chemical
components
opens
exciting
opportunities
to
engineer
artificial
vesicular
systems
for
applications
with
previously
unmet
requirements.
modular
combination
scaffolds
functional
building
blocks
enables
the
engineering
complex
biomimetic
or
new-to-nature
functionalities.
Inspired
by
compartmentalized
organization
cells
organelles,
lipid
polymer
vesicles
are
widely
used
as
model
membrane
investigate
translocation
solutes
transduction
signals
proteins.
functionalization
such
compartments
full
control
over
their
composition
can
thus
provide
specifically
optimized
environments
synthetic
processes.
This
review
aims
inspire
future
endeavors
providing
a
diverse
toolbox
molecular
modules,
methodologies,
different
approaches
assemble
systems.
Important
technical
practical
aspects
addressed
selected
presented,
highlighting
particular
achievements
limitations
approach.
Complementing
cutting-edge
technological
achievements,
fundamental
also
discussed
cater
inherently
background
target
audience,
which
results
from
interdisciplinary
nature
biology.
proteins
modules
use
lipids
block
copolymers
scaffold
functionalized
explored
in
detail.
Particular
emphasis
is
placed
on
ensuring
controlled
these
into
increasingly
Finally,
all
descriptions
presented
greater
context
valuable
biocatalysis,
biosensing,
bioremediation,
targeted
drug
delivery.
