Mast cells: key players in digestive system tumors and their interactions with immune cells

Cell Death Discovery, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11(1)

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Abstract Mast cells (MCs) are critical components of both innate and adaptive immune processes. They play a significant role in protecting human health the pathophysiology various illnesses, including allergies, cardiovascular diseases autoimmune diseases. Recent studies tumor-related research have demonstrated that mast exert substantial influence on tumor cell behavior microenvironment, exhibiting pro- anti-tumor effects. Specifically, not only secrete mediators related to pro-tumor function such as trypsin-like enzymes, chymotrypsin, vascular endothelial growth factor histamine, but also progression cystatin C IL-17F. This dual renders them an under-recognized very promising target for immunotherapy. Digestive system tumors, characterized by high morbidity associated mortality rates globally, increasingly recognized healthcare burden. paper examines cell-derived development tumors digestive system. It explores prognostic significance patients with gastrointestinal cancers at different stages disease. Additionally, article investigates interactions between cells, well potential relationships among intratumoral bacteria, within microenvironment. The aim is propose new strategies immunotherapy targeting cells.

Language: Английский

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The global epidemic of early-onset cancer: Nature, nurture, or both?

Annals of Oncology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Cholinergic Mechanisms in Gastrointestinal Neoplasia

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5316 - 5316

Published: May 13, 2024

Acetylcholine-activated receptors are divided broadly into two major structurally distinct classes: ligand-gated ion channel nicotinic and G-protein-coupled muscarinic receptors. Each class encompasses several related receptor subtypes with patterns of tissue expression post-receptor signal transduction mechanisms. The activation both cholinergic has been associated the induction progression gastrointestinal neoplasia. Herein, after briefly reviewing classification acetylcholine-activated role that signaling plays in normal digestive function, we consider mechanics acetylcholine synthesis release by neuronal non-neuronal cells microenvironment, current methodology challenges measuring serum levels accurately. Then, critically evaluate evidence constitutive ligand-induced a promoting We focus primarily on adenocarcinomas stomach, pancreas, colon, because these cancers particularly common worldwide and, when diagnosed at an advanced stage, very high rates morbidity mortality. Throughout this comprehensive review, concentrate identifying novel ways to leverage observations for prognostic therapeutic purposes.

Language: Английский

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Blue Notes

Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(4), P. 501 - 502

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

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Investigating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis in Buzhong Yiqi Decoction’s anti-colorectal cancer activity

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

Buzhong Yiqi Decoction (BZYQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine renowned for its anti-colorectal cancer (CRC) properties. However, the bioactive components and mechanisms of BZYQD against CRC remain unknown. In this study, LC-MS was used to analyze chemical composition BZYQD. Next, network pharmacology molecular docking investigate core targets CRC. Finally, we experimentally validated potential mechanism through in vitro studies. Our results identified 26 BZYQD; 75 "hithubs" were screened by pharmacology, mainly involving pathways such as including cancer, P13K-Akt signaling pathway, proteoglycans kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, lipid atherosclerosis pathways. Based on number key pathways, two most critical AKT1 PIK3CA selected. The component-target indicated that astragaloside IV, gancaonin A, quercetin, poricoic acid licoisoflavanone are anti-CRC Molecular showed strong binding affinity between these targets. phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) pathway emerged primary target Further studies confirmed BZYQD's activity mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR axis influences macrophage polarization. exerts therapeutic effects multiple components, targets, study elucidates effective treatment provides preliminary validation experimental

Language: Английский

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Rethinking the rise of early onset gastrointestinal cancers: a call to action

JNCI Cancer Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Since the early 1990s, there has been a dramatic rise in gastrointestinal cancers diagnosed patients under age 50 for reasons that remain poorly understood. The most significant change increase incidence rates of early-onset colorectal cancer, especially left-sided colon and rectal cancers. Increases gastric, pancreatic, other cancer diagnoses have further contributed to this trend. We formed multidisciplinary Think Tank develop strategic, coordinated approach studying This area research is challenging given multifactorial etiologies. focused on epidemiology environment, microbiome, survivorship as key pillars structure framework. advocate comprehensive strategy (1) use existing biospecimens, those collected longitudinally, with correlation exposures (the exposome); (2) standardize microbiome specimen collection analyses blood, tissue, stool specimens minimize contamination biases; (3) prioritize mechanistic studies evaluate findings from biomarker studies; (4) explore unique needs young population. These recommendations build upon prior efforts goal streamlining into important field study while minimizing redundant efforts. hope our serve clarion call motivate others discover why individuals are being at such an alarming rate how best support who diagnosed.

Language: Английский

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Legal-involved veterans are less likely to receive guideline-concordant colorectal cancer screening

BMC Health Services Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: March 4, 2025

Programs to improve health care for adults with criminal legal involvement, including those who have been released from incarceration in jails or prisons are under court community supervison, understandably focus on treatment mental illness, drug overdose, and suicide. However, legal-involved also higher risk of developing dying medical conditions, such as cancer, relative the general population. Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among adults, particularly incarcerated, might be delayed missed. We conducted an observational study national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic record data compare CRC rate between Veterans, identified through their contact Justice Programs, non-legal-involved Veterans. included patients ages 46 75 eligible average-risk fiscal year 2022. Our main outcome guideline-concordant stool-based testing, CT colonography, flexible sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy. Comparisons were estimated using unadjusted multilevel logistic regression model a random intercept facility. Secondary analyses examining associations patient-level factors receipt adjusted models well assessing variation rates across 129 VHA facilities. There 27,597 3,467,396 met eligibility. Only 47% up date screening, compared 54% (OR = 0.77 [95% CI: 0.75 0.79]; difference -6.5% -7.1% -5.9%]). Adjusted odds assigned primary provider 2.49 2.48 2.51]). Screening varied widely facilities, ranging 24 75% 30 68% patients. Legal-involved had significantly lower at 49 facilities two Nearly half behind recommended even rates. Current efforts patients' connection providers may result improved

Language: Английский

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Trends and Projections of Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer Burden in China, 1990-2036: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease 2021 Study

Cancer Control, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 32

Published: May 1, 2025

Background The incidence and prevalence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EO-CRC), defined as diagnosed before the age 50, are increasing globally. However, current status trends disease burden EO-CRC in China, including incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), not well understood. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological China from 1990 2021 project its future burden. Methods We analyzed data Global Burden Disease (GBD) assess DALYs 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis was used identify significant changes trends. Age-period-cohort (APC) conducted disentangle effects age, period, birth cohort. Bayesian APC model employed up 2036. Results From 2021, absolute number incident prevalent cases increased substantially. age-standardized rate (ASIR) (ASPR) also rose significantly, with an accelerated increase after 2007 men 2015 women. In contrast, mortality (ASMR) (AS-DALYs) generally declined; however, a concerning reversal this trend has been observed recent years. Incidence, rates all showed cohort effects. Projections indicate that ASIR ASPR will continue rise until 2036, especially males, disparity between women is expected widen. Conclusion significantly rising rapidly, particularly among males. Further research essential fully understand factors contributing develop effective mitigation strategies.

Language: Английский

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From oncogenes to tumor suppressors: The dual role of ncRNAs in fibrosarcoma

Pathology - Research and Practice, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 258, P. 155329 - 155329

Published: April 25, 2024

Language: Английский

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The Inhibitory Effects of Propofol on Colorectal Cancer Progression through the NF-κB/HIF-1α Signaling Pathway

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 878 - 888

Published: April 4, 2024

Background and Objective: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a neoplastic disease that gradually develops due to genetic variations epigenetic changes. Surgical excision the first-line treatment for CRC. Accumulating evidence has shown total intravenous anesthesia beneficial effects CRC patients as it decreases probability of tumor recurrence metastasis. Propofol one most frequently used anesthetics in clinical practice. However, remains unknown whether can reduce metastasis after surgery patients. Methods: cell lines (HCT116 SW480) were cultured vitro, different concentrations propofol added culture medium. The proliferation effect on was evaluated by CCK-8 assay. migration invasion cells scratch healing Transwell experiments. inhibitory NF-κB HIF-1α expressions determined Western blotting immunofluorescence assays further clarify regulatory HIF-1α. Results: Compared control, significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, abilities (p < 0.0001). expression levels decreased with increasing concentration both lines. After activation inhibition NF-κB, changed. Further studies showed LPS-activated NF-κB-induced HIF-1α, similar inhibitor Bay17083 Conclusion: In dose-dependent manner, possibly participating regulation NF-κB/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Language: Английский

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