Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6)
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
CO2
heat
pump
air
conditioning
(HPAC)
systems
for
electric
vehicles
(EVs)
have
received
widespread
attention
their
excellent
low-temperature
heating
capabilities.
However,
the
range
of
EVs
is
limited
by
battery
energy
storage,
which
makes
demand
system
affect
use
efficiency
drive
battery.
In
order
to
measure
thermal
economy
(AC)
in
terms
heating,
index
coefficient
performance
(COP)
often
used.
Accurate
COP
prediction
can
help
optimize
HPAC
avoid
wastage
and
thus
improve
vehicle.
this
study,
we
a
backpropagation
(BP)
neural
network
combined
with
particle
swarm
optimization
(PSO)
algorithm
predict
EVs.
First,
model
was
established,
consider
variety
influencing
factors,
key
parameters
affecting
AC
were
obtained
through
experiments.
Second,
BP
used
system,
overcome
shortcomings
network,
slow
prone
fall
into
minimum
value,
PSO
introduced
weights
biases
so
as
accuracy
stability
prediction.
Through
combine
achieve
accurate
an
EV,
provides
strong
support
improvement
efficiency.
considered
such
outdoor
temperature,
compressor
speed,
EV
status,
made
more
applicable.
Finally,
method
proposed
study
validated
on
real
dataset,
using
65.8%.
Current Journal International Journal Applied Technology Research,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(1), P. 31 - 42
Published: Feb. 5, 2024
Solar
radiation
enters
the
building
through
glass
by
both
and
conduction.
The
heat
passing
is
one
of
largest
cooling
loads.
Therefore,
modifying
type,
will
potentially
reduce
load
significantly.
This
numerical
study
uses
Cooling
Load
Temperature
Difference
(CLTD)
method
to
calculate
change
in
a
five-story
hospital.
Glass
material
was
changed
from
clear
coated
glass.
Based
on
calculation
per
hour,
07.00
19.00,
it
obtained
that
peak
occurs
at
17.00,
when
using
replacement
with
results
70.0%
decrease
load,
104.59
kW
31.38
kW.
In
addition,
replacing
this
type
total
17.0%,
418.80
347.57
lead
operational
cost
air
conditioning
system.
If
assumed
AC
system
operates
75%
for
16
hours
day,
then
electricity
costs
approximately
Rp.
43.6
million/month.
Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(6)
Published: Nov. 1, 2023
CO2
heat
pump
air
conditioning
(HPAC)
systems
for
electric
vehicles
(EVs)
have
received
widespread
attention
their
excellent
low-temperature
heating
capabilities.
However,
the
range
of
EVs
is
limited
by
battery
energy
storage,
which
makes
demand
system
affect
use
efficiency
drive
battery.
In
order
to
measure
thermal
economy
(AC)
in
terms
heating,
index
coefficient
performance
(COP)
often
used.
Accurate
COP
prediction
can
help
optimize
HPAC
avoid
wastage
and
thus
improve
vehicle.
this
study,
we
a
backpropagation
(BP)
neural
network
combined
with
particle
swarm
optimization
(PSO)
algorithm
predict
EVs.
First,
model
was
established,
consider
variety
influencing
factors,
key
parameters
affecting
AC
were
obtained
through
experiments.
Second,
BP
used
system,
overcome
shortcomings
network,
slow
prone
fall
into
minimum
value,
PSO
introduced
weights
biases
so
as
accuracy
stability
prediction.
Through
combine
achieve
accurate
an
EV,
provides
strong
support
improvement
efficiency.
considered
such
outdoor
temperature,
compressor
speed,
EV
status,
made
more
applicable.
Finally,
method
proposed
study
validated
on
real
dataset,
using
65.8%.
