Accumulation
of
plastic
waste
is
a
global
issue,
and
particles
are
detected
in
different
environments.
The
recent
COVID-19
pandemic
has
been
attributed
to
significant
piling
up
debris
(including
micro-
nano-sized
particles),
yet
the
manufacturing
products
still
expected
grow.
With
continuation
pandemic,
use
disposal
plastics
resulted
increasing
pollution.
There
lack
research
into
effects
climate
change
on
microplastics
and,
likewise,
change.
This
article
aims
examine
pros
cons
sustainable
alternatives
addressing
issue.
Special
attention
devoted
correlation
between
microplastic
perspective
also
serves
spawn
ideas
for
mitigating
greenhouse
gas
emissions
caused
by
identifying
life
cycle
stages
production.
Microbial Cell Factories,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
23(1)
Published: July 1, 2024
Abstract
Background
Plastic
is
widely
utilized
in
packaging,
frameworks,
and
as
coverings
material.
Its
overconsumption
slow
degradation,
pose
threats
to
ecosystems
due
its
toxic
effects.
While
polyhydroxyalkanoates
(PHA)
offer
a
sustainable
alternative
petroleum-based
plastics,
their
production
costs
present
significant
obstacles
global
adoption.
On
the
other
side,
multitude
of
household
industrial
activities
generate
substantial
volumes
wastewater
containing
both
organic
inorganic
contaminants.
This
not
only
poses
threat
but
also
presents
opportunities
get
benefits
from
circular
economy.
Main
body
abstract
Production
bioplastics
may
be
improved
by
using
nutrients
minerals
feedstock
for
microbial
fermentation.
Strategies
like
feast-famine
culture,
mixed-consortia
integrated
processes
have
been
developed
PHA
highly
polluted
with
high
loads.
Various
process
parameters
loading
rate,
content
(volatile
fatty
acids),
dissolved
oxygen,
operating
pH,
temperature
critical
roles
accumulation
biomass.
Research
advances
are
going
on
downstream
recovery
utilizing
combination
physical
chemical
(halogenated
solvents,
surfactants,
green
solvents)
methods.
review
highlights
recent
developments
upcycling
resources
into
PHA,
encompassing
various
strategies,
processing
methodologies,
techno-economic
analyses.
Short
conclusion
Organic
carbon
nitrogen
promising,
cost-effective
source
producing
bioplastic.
Previous
attempts
focused
enhancing
productivity
through
optimizing
culture
systems
growth
conditions.
However,
despite
technological
progress,
challenges
persist,
such
low
productivity,
intricate
processing,
scalability
issues,
properties
resulting
PHA.
Graphical
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: March 12, 2025
Biodegradable
plastics
are
often
promoted
as
sustainable
alternatives
to
conventional
plastics.
Nevertheless,
significant
knowledge
gaps
exist
regarding
their
degradation
under
relevant
conditions,
particularly
when
compounded
into
commercial
products.
To
this
end,
the
present
research
investigates
disintegration
of
ten
commercially
available
biodegradable
plastic
products
simulated
industrial
composting
conditions.
The
tested
included
polymer
compositions
either
polylactic
acid
(PLA),
polybutylene
adipate
terephthalate
(PBAT)/starch,
or
polyhydroxyalkanoate
(PHA),
covering
both
flexible
and
rigid
These
comprised
three
waste
bags,
one
bag
drawstring,
food
(flexible
plastics),
two
flower
pots,
container,
plate,
lid
(rigid
plastics).
Among
products,
nine
were
marketed
compostable.
Of
these,
six
certified
European
standard
EN
13432
for
compostable
packaging,
held
TÜV
Austria's
"OK
compost
home"
certification,
was
labeled
but
lacked
certification.
Additionally,
product
100%
environment
in
which
could
biodegrade
not
specified.
Disintegration
determined
according
ISO
20200
laboratory
scale
tests
conducted
at
58
°C
with
55%
moisture
content
over
90
days.
Results
showed
degrees
ranging
from
75
100%,
five
achieving
complete
disintegration.
Two
however,
reached
only
75%
Following
test,
particles
smaller
than
2
mm
examined
microplastics
(MPs)
via
light
microscopy.
MPs
detected
undersieves
while
no
Notably,
visual
inspection
performed
without
pretreating
matrix
due
observed
using
chemicals
oxidative
digestion.
Considering
limitations
MP
observation
pretreatment,
future
should
prioritize
development
methods
extracting
complex
matrices
like
compost.
Enhanced
extraction
essential
understanding
compost's
potential
role
a
source
environment.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
949, P. 174881 - 174881
Published: July 22, 2024
The
ubiquitous
and
global
ecological
footprint
arising
from
the
rapidly
increasing
rates
of
plastic
production,
use,
release
into
environment
is
an
important
modern
environmental
issue.
Of
concern
are
risks
associated
with
at
least
16,000
chemicals
present
in
plastics,
some
which
known
to
be
toxic,
may
leach
out
both
during
use
once
exposed
conditions,
leading
human
exposure.
In
response,
United
Nations
member
states
agreed
establish
international
legally
binding
instrument
on
pollution,
plastics
treaty.
resolution
acknowledges
that
treaty
should
prevent
pollution
its
related
impacts,
effective
prevention
requires
consideration
transboundary
nature
full
life
cycle
must
addressed.
As
a
group
scientific
experts
members
Scientists'
Coalition
for
Effective
Plastics
Treaty,
we
concur
there
six
essential
"pillars"
necessary
truly
reduce
allow
chemical
detoxification
across
plastics.
These
include
reduction
simplification,
safe
sustainable
design
chemicals,
incentives
change,
holistic
approaches
alternatives,
just
transition
equitable
interventions,
centering
rights.
There
critical
need
scientifically
informed
globally
harmonized
information,
transparency,
traceability
criteria
protect
public
health.
right
clean,
healthy,
upheld,
thus
it
crucial
scientists,
industry,
policy
makers
work
concert
create
future
free
hazardous
contamination.
The Science of The Total Environment,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
947, P. 174561 - 174561
Published: July 7, 2024
A
lack
of
standardization
in
monitoring
protocols
has
hindered
the
accurate
evaluation
microplastic
(MP)
pollution
open
sea
and
its
potential
impacts.
As
sampling
techniques
significantly
influence
amounts
MPs
contained
sample,
aim
this
study
was
to
compare
two
methods:
Manta
trawl
(size
selective
approach)
grab
(volume
approach).
Both
approaches
were
applied
surface
waters
North-east
Atlantic
Ocean.
Onshore
sample
processing
carried
out
using
innovative
tape
lifting
technique,
which
affords
a
series
advantages,
including
prevention
airborne
contamination
during
analysis,
without
compromising
integrity
results.
The
results
obtained
indicated
an
MP
concentration
over
four
orders
magnitude
higher
compared
net
approach
(mean
values
equal
0.24
4050
items/m
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(23), P. 3368 - 3368
Published: Nov. 29, 2024
The
integration
of
machine
learning
(ML)
into
material
manufacturing
has
driven
advancements
in
optimizing
biopolymer
production
processes.
ML
techniques,
applied
across
various
stages
production,
enable
the
analysis
complex
data
generated
throughout
identifying
patterns
and
insights
not
easily
observed
through
traditional
methods.
As
sustainable
alternatives
to
petrochemical-based
plastics,
biopolymers
present
unique
challenges
due
their
reliance
on
variable
bio-based
feedstocks
processing
conditions.
This
review
systematically
summarizes
current
applications
techniques
aiming
provide
a
comprehensive
reference
for
future
research
while
highlighting
potential
enhance
efficiency,
reduce
costs,
improve
product
quality.
also
shows
role
algorithms,
including
supervised,
unsupervised,
deep
Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 18, 2025
Abstract
The
development
of
biodegradable
polymers
and
their
certification
require
an
analytical
method
that
is
both
reliable
practical.
Although
biochemical
oxygen
demand
(BOD)
testing
remains
a
robust
for
confirming
polymer
metabolism,
it
does
not
provide
precise
information
about
the
residual
compounds
during
after
biodegradation.
Moreover,
direct
analysis
these
residues
challenging,
particularly
when
seawater
interferes
with
analysis.
In
this
study,
we
propose
extraction/chemical-structure-analysis/molecular-mass-analysis
protocol
as
enhanced
approach
investigating
culture
medium
post-BOD
biodegradation
in
seawater.
We
conducted
BOD
test
poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate),
poly(ε-caprolactone),
poly(butylene
succinate)
Following
testing,
1H
NMR
extracts
identified
chemical
structures
enabled
assessment
degradability,
which
aligned
well
biodegradability
trend.
Additionally,
molecular-mass-analysis
revealed
changes
molecular
mass,
supporting
evaluation
chain
scission
polymer.
This
study
advances
methods
field
polymers.
