Global Burden of Otitis Media Attributable to Secondhand Smoke in 204 Countries and Territories from 1990 to 2019: The Analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study

Ear Nose & Throat Journal, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Objective: Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major public health concern. In this study, we evaluated the global burden of otitis media (OM) due to SHS exposure during 1990-2019 and explored impact socioeconomic factors on it. Methods: With reference 2019 Global Burden Disease (GBD) data, assessed OM linked 1990-2019, stratified by gender, GBD region, country. Join-point regression models analyzed trends in calculating average annual percent change (AAPC). Spearman’s correlation examined relationship between Socio-demographic Index (SDI), Healthcare Access Quality (HAQ) index, SHS-related burden. Results: During age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (ASDRs) mortality rates (ASMRs) for declined globally, with AAPCs −1.45 ASDR −7.97 ASMR. Significant declines ASMR were noted low-to-middle SDI regions. Regionally, Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa had highest OM-related deaths, while South Asia years. decreased higher HAQ. Conclusion: Despite declines, significant regional national disparities remained, which emphasizes need targeted interventions.

Language: Английский

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Effects of faecal microbiota transplantation supplemented with inulin on early immunity and immune organ histomorphology in chickens

British Poultry Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 10

Published: March 12, 2025

1. Faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a technique that promotes gut diversity and abundance by of faeces into recipient's gastrointestinal tract via multiple routes.2. Inulin, plant polysaccharide, natural functional dietary fibre found in variety plants, including vegetables fruits. Inulin can inhibit pathogenic bacterial growth lowering pH, promote mineral absorption improve intestinal barrier integrity.3. In this study 90 one-day-old chicks were randomly three groups; control (CON) group was fed basic diet; FMT two diets containing 40 ml faecal microbial suspension; INU diet 1.5% inulin suspension.4. Administering the mixed with effectively reduced blood levels IL-1β, IL-4 IL-6, promoted thymus, bursa Fabricius spleen. addition, it enhanced function, increased goblet cells Paneth production, probiotic colonisation butyrate formation inflammation.5. summary, Fabricius, thymus spleen as well facilitated early chick promoting health, reducing inflammation boosting immunity.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Intricacies of Antimicrobial Resistance: Understanding Mechanisms, Overcoming Challenges, and Pioneering Innovative Solutions

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 177511 - 177511

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A global epidemic serotype 14 Streptococcus pneumoniae switching to non-vaccine types

Microbiology Spectrum, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 31, 2025

ABSTRACT Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a leading cause of bacterial pneumonia worldwide, contributing to both invasive pneumococcal diseases and non-invasive diseases. Following the introduction conjugate vaccines (PCV7, PCV10, PCV13), significant decrease in prevalence vaccine-type pneumococci has been observed, while non-vaccine-type (NVT) increased. This shift evident disease incidence nasopharyngeal carriage. Serotype switching refers alteration or exchange serotype-related cps gene locus that flagged globally as serotypes concern. In this study, we collected 166 S . clinical isolates analyzed evaluate vaccine effectiveness. Additionally, identified multidrug-resistant NVT S. recently emerged within epidemic CC876 complex, pandemic serotype 14 clone. More importantly, 15B/ST4749 strain, which might have generated through serotype-switch event from 14/ST4749. Mapping genomic recombination sites progeny revealed donated fragment encompassing cps, pbp1a, additional key factors, including DNA uptake-related comC strain already prevalent, novel possesses potential become global strain. IMPORTANCE The study employed high-throughput sequencing analyze Xiamen Children’s Hospital, China, effectiveness light changes documented occurrence switch (from 15B) between ST4749 observation indicates adaptive response under selective pressure exerted by vaccination, offering insights into strategies for prevention control optimization deployment.

Language: Английский

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Vaccination of people with solid tumors and diabetes: existing evidence and recommendations. A position statement from a multidisciplinary panel of scientific societies

Journal of Endocrinological Investigation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Holistic understanding of trimethoprim resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae using an integrative approach of genome-wide association study, resistance reconstruction, and machine learning

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(9)

Published: Aug. 9, 2024

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health threat worldwide. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has opened unprecedented opportunities to accelerate AMR mechanism discovery and diagnostics. Here, we present an integrative approach investigate trimethoprim (TMP) in the key pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae . We explored collection of 662 S genomes by conducting genome-wide association study (GWAS), followed functional validation using reconstruction experiments, combined with machine learning (ML) approaches predict TMP minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Our showed that multiple additive mutations folA sulA loci are responsible for non-susceptibility S. can be used as features build ML models digital MIC prediction, reaching average accuracy within ±1 twofold dilution factor 86.3%. roadmap silico analysis—wet-lab validation—diagnostic tool building could adapted explore other combinations bacteria–antibiotic. IMPORTANCE In age next-generation (NGS), while data-driven methods such (GWAS) excel at finding patterns, challenging due high numbers candidate variants. designed combining GWAS on clinical isolates, whole-genome transformation coupled NGS functionally characterize large set candidates. validated several phenotypic beyond standard Ile100Leu mutation, overexpression locus produces These loci, when models, were found best inputs predicting minimal concentrations. Integrative bridge genotype-phenotype gap biological insights incorporated accurate prediction drug susceptibility.

Language: Английский

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The Changes in the Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in the Clinical Isolates of a Multiprofile Hospital over 6 Years (2017–2022)

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 332 - 332

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Background/Objectives: The growing resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a serious problem in health care. present study aims assess the drug Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, faecalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from infections multispecialty hospital over 6-year period. Methods: Identification antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed using VITEK®2 automated system (Biomerieux). Results Conclusions: Based on data analyzed hospital, MRSA strains etiological factor 18-28% S. aureus infections. In each year 2017 2022, percentage MSSA steadily exceeded number strains. show significant sensitivity antibiotic groups other than β-lactams, such as aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, cotrimoxazole, linezolid vancomycin. Ciprofloxacin which displays second-highest resistance, after methicillin. case strains, almost 100% lack quinolines was found. An increase caused by genus observed. For E. faecium vancomycin-resistant reached much 41% 2018. Among resistant faecalis, VREs (Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci) slightly predominate, while GREs (Glycopeptide-Resistant are more prevalent faecium. that insensitive ampicillin ranged 6% 17%. 2017, this 17%, their share decreased 9%. 2021-2022, erythromycin high 33%. This related MLS (macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramines B) mechanism. observed 2019. six-year period, 2020 (beginning pandemic), some antibiotics, consumption DDD/100 person-days recorded. most visible fluoroquinolones. analysis carried out will effectiveness empirical therapy prudent use limit selection multidrug-resistant

Language: Английский

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The Evolution of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Tunisia: A Multicentric Analysis over Two Decades (2000–2019)

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 171 - 171

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Background/Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a leading respiratory pathogen responsible for significant morbidity and mortality, particularly among vulnerable populations. Understanding its antimicrobial resistance patterns serotype distribution crucial guiding treatment prevention strategies. This study aims to examine these trends in S. isolates from Tunisia over two-decade period (2000–2019). Methods: A retrospective time series analysis was conducted on data (n = 4284) gathered eight university hospital centers across Tunisia. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing performed according the European Committee Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. Pneumococcal serotypes were determined subset of samples 2012 2019 903) using multiplex PCR latex agglutination. Results: Penicillin G decreased 9–13.7% during 2000–2002 4.3% by 2019, while amoxicillin increased until reaching 10% 2019. Erythromycin initially before stabilizing between 61.9% 66.3% 2014–2019, whereas tetracycline declined 2000 2008 fluctuated around 40% 2009–2019. Levofloxacin did not exceed 1.2% throughout period. The most prevalent 14, 19F, 19A, 23F, 3, 6B, 6A, 9V. Among them, 3 susceptible overall. Serotypes 9V, 6B displayed highest levels multi-drug resistance. Conclusions: (high-dosage), cefotaxime, levofloxacin are still effective against strains Tunisia, erythromycin reliable options treating pneumococcal infections. Alarming rates serotypes, except underscore need preventive measures, rational antibiotic use, ongoing surveillance.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella in Animal Products Jeopardize Human Health

Food Science of Animal Resources, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 45(2), P. 409 - 428

Published: Feb. 12, 2025

Despite the significance of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections, antibiotic resistance is continuously increasing, thus posing a significant threat. In addition to strains resistant individual drugs, multidrug-resistant (MDR) and pandrug strains, which are all antibiotics, emerging. Salmonella, primary cause global foodborne illness, often transmitted through animal products. Antibiotic treatment crucial for immunocompromised individuals, such as older adults patients with weakened immune systems, due their increased susceptibility severe effects. MDR can arise following use food animals, may transfer humans, leading health challenges. The emergence Salmonella carbapenems, considered last-resort class, particularly concerning. neutralizes mechanisms, horizontal gene via plasmids, efflux/influx system regulation, enzyme production that deactivate or alter antibiotics. rise mega plasmids alarming, it enable broader range This review summarizes current state growing threat underscores urgent need coordinated response.

Language: Английский

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Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: The N-Acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine Amidase Driving the “Suicidal Tendencies” of Streptococcus pneumoniae—A Review

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 827 - 827

Published: April 5, 2025

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a significant human pathogen responsible for range of diseases from mild infections to invasive pneumococcal diseases, particularly affecting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite conjugate vaccines having reduced disease incidence, challenges persist due serotype diversity, vaccine coverage gaps, antibiotic resistance. This review highlights role LytA, key autolysin (N-acetylmuramoyl-l-alanine amidase), in biology. LytA regulates autolysis, contributes inflammation, biofilm formation, impairs bacterial clearance. It also modulates complement activation, aiding immune evasion. expression influenced by environmental signals genetic regulation tied competence transformation, which an important virulence trait, meningitis. With increase resistance, has emerged as potential therapeutic target. Current research explores its use bacteriolytic therapies, development, synergistic strategies. Various compounds, including synthetic peptides, plant extracts, small molecules, have been investigated their ability trigger LytA-mediated lysis. Future directions include development novel anti-pneumococcal interventions leveraging LytA’s properties while overcoming efficacy resistance-related challenges. Human challenge models animal studies continue deepen our understanding pathogenesis treatment

Language: Английский

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