Neural signatures of STEM learning and interest in youth

Acta Psychologica, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 104949 - 104949

Published: April 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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The Ventral Attention Network Mediates Attentional Reorienting to Cross-Modal Expectancy Violations: Evidence from EEG and fMRI

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 18, 2025

Abstract Our daily interactions with the world are shaped by sensory expectations informed context and prior experiences, which in turn influence how we allocate our attention. Prominent predictive coding models suggest that expectancy attention interact but disagree on precise mechanisms. One possibility is Ventral Attention Network (VAN), may play a role facilitating attentional reorienting when violated. To test this, employed an auditory-visual trial-by-trial cueing paradigm three experiments integrating EEG fMRI to investigate VAN’s violations of cross-modal expectancy. Behavioral results showed faster responses expected targets, confirming efficacy cue-induced orienting target modality. analyses revealed differences early (∼100 ms latency) event-related potentials (ERPs) both auditory visual stimuli were Unexpected elicited significantly larger early-latency negative ERPs, across modalities. Source localization these ERPs subsequent evidence activation right VAN. Functional connectivity further greater coupling between VAN regions cortices, modality-specific pathways involving superior temporal gyrus (STG) for fusiform (FG) targets. These findings demonstrate recruit reorient resolve conflict. By coordinating top-down control bottom-up input, supports adaptive unexpected stimuli. This work advances understanding processing multisensory perception highlights central flexible cognitive control.

Language: Английский

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Neurofeedback training of executive function in autism spectrum disorder: distinct effects on brain activity levels and compensatory connectivity changes

Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 11, 2024

Abstract Background Deficits in executive function (EF) are consistently reported autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Tailored cognitive training tools, such as neurofeedback, focused on enhancement might have a significant impact the daily life functioning of individuals with ASD. We report first real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI NF) study targeting left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) Methods Thirteen without intellectual disability and seventeen neurotypical completed rt-fMRI working memory NF paradigm, consisting subvocal backward recitation self-generated numeric sequences. performed region-of-interest analysis DLPFC, whole-brain comparisons between groups and, DLPFC-based functional connectivity. Results The ASD control were able to modulate DLPFC activity 84% 98% runs. Activity target region was persistently lower group, particularly runs neurofeedback. Moreover, group showed premotor/motor areas during pre-neurofeedback run than controls, but not transfer runs, where it seemingly balanced by higher connectivity motor cortex. Group comparison also differences groups, including integrated into multidemand network (MDN) visual Conclusions Neurofeedback seems induce between-group similarity levels (including ROI) which be promoted changes both high low-level areas, motor, MDN regions.

Language: Английский

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Low-Level Social Demand Is Associated with Anxiety-Related Gamma Wave Responses in Autistic Male Youth

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 40 - 40

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

Background: The Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) characteristic of difficulties in social communication and interaction has been previously associated with elevated anxiety the degree mental effort required to understand respond cues. These associations have implications for health autistic youth, but they are usually based on correlational statistics between measures demands that collected formal psychological testing settings. Another index found correlate anxious arousal is gamma wave activity, which measured via EEG. Methods: To compare data from both these indicators anxiety, a two-stage study was conducted using (1) standardized test (2) vivo EEG low-demand setting. Results: As well as significant cognition scales, there were also meaningful relationships activity. Conclusions: Because activity represents highest level cognitive complexity brain an hypervigilance under threatening conditions, findings suggest even low-level demand settings may initiate high-level anxiety-related behaviour youth.

Language: Английский

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Differences in Anatomical Structures and Resting-State Brain Networks Between Elite Wrestlers and Handball Athletes

Brain Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 285 - 285

Published: March 7, 2025

Background/Objectives: Advancements in biomedical imaging technologies over the past few decades have made it increasingly possible to measure long-term effects of exercise on central nervous system. This study aims compare brain morphology and functional connectivity wrestlers handball players, exploring sport-specific neural adaptations. Methods: Here, we examined 26 elite male athletes (13 13 players) using anatomical resting-state magnetic resonance (fMRI) measurements. Connectivity maps are derived seed-based correlation analysis fMRI, while voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is employed identify differences. Additionally, cortical thickness global volumetric values segmented images determine distinctions between players non-parametric statistical tests. Results: Wrestlers exhibited greater grey matter volume (GMV) right middle temporal gyrus, left frontal posterior cingulate gyrus (uncorr., p < 0.001). On other hand, showed increased superior parahippocampal anterior orbital gyrus–medial region (P(FWE) 0.05). In addition, several regions. Conclusions: The GMV, thickness, observed highlight presence While this research provides valuable insights into neuroplastic various athletic disciplines, further studies involving additional sports control groups needed for a more comprehensive understanding.

Language: Английский

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Large-scale functional network connectivity mediate the associations of white matter lesions with executive functions and information processing speed in asymptomatic cerebral small vessels diseases

NeuroImage Clinical, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103773 - 103773

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Unplugged activities to support preservice teachers’ competence, interest, and utility value on computational thinking: A mixed-method inquiry

Education and Information Technologies, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 7, 2025

Language: Английский

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Enhancing creativity with covert neurofeedback: causal evidence for default-executive network coupling in creative thinking

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(4)

Published: April 1, 2025

Abstract Creativity neuroscience has consistently reported increased functional connectivity between the default mode network and executive control supports creative cognition, potentially reflecting coordination of generative evaluative cognitive processes. However, evidence been purely correlational—no causal demonstrations show that network–executive interaction specifically drives performance. We sought for coupling in thinking using near-infrared spectroscopy–brain neurofeedback, which can endogenously modify through reinforcement learning. Importantly, we employed covert where participants were unaware specific brain activity being trained, allowing unbiased evaluation neural impacts. In a default-executive neurofeedback condition (n = 15), entrained medial prefrontal cortex dorsolateral cortex, hubs network, respectively. compared this with default-motor entraining supplementary motor area. Approximately 24 h later, led to during task (generating object uses), extending broader regions. Behaviorally, observed double dissociation: The default–executive idea originality, while improved go/no-go reaction times. thus provide first causally enhances

Language: Английский

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From “Aha!” to “Haha!” Using Humor to Cope with Negative Stimuli

Cerebral Cortex, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 31(4), P. 2238 - 2250

Published: Nov. 19, 2020

Abstract Humor has been considered an effective emotion regulation strategy, and some behavioral studies have examined its superior effects on negative regulation. However, neural mechanisms remain unknown. Our functional magnetic resonance imaging study directly compared the bases of humorous coping (reappraisal) ordinary reappraisal following exposure to pictures. The results suggested that was more in downregulating emotions upregulating positive both short long term. We also found 2 cooperative pathways involved with stimuli by means humor: “hippocampal–thalamic–frontal pathway” “amygdala–cerebellar pathway.” former is associated restructuring mental representations situations accompanied insightful (“Aha!”) experience, while latter emotional release expression laughter (“Haha!”). Furthermore, degree hippocampal connectivity thalamus frontal cortex positively correlated changes emotion, this result implied could be strongly related depth cognitive reconstruction. These findings highlight regulating humor involves emotions.

Language: Английский

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Two-in-one system and behavior-specific brain synchrony during goal-free cooperative creation: an analytical approach combining automated behavioral classification and the event-related generalized linear model

Neurophotonics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(01)

Published: Feb. 10, 2023

In hyperscanning studies of natural social interactions, behavioral coding is usually necessary to extract brain synchronizations specific a particular behavior. The more the task is, heavier effort is. We propose an analytical approach resolve this dilemma, providing insights and avenues for future work in interactive neuroscience.The objective solve laborious problem naturalistic by proposing convenient uncover synchronization mechanisms related human cooperative behavior when ultimate goal highly free creative.This functional near-infrared spectroscopy study challenged goal-free creative game which dyads can communicate freely without time constraints developed that combines automated classification (computer vision) with generalized linear model (GLM) event-related manner. Thirty-nine participated study.Conventional wavelet-transformed coherence (WTC) analysis showed joint play induced robust between-brain (BBS) among hub-like superior middle temporal regions frontopolar dorsomedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) right hemisphere, contrast sparse within-brain (WBS). Contrarily, similar within single strong WBS connection patterns during independent play. These findings indicate two-in-one system performing problem-solving tasks. Further, WTC-GLM combined computer vision successfully extracted BBS, was events one participants raised his/her face other. This brain-to-brain synchrony between dorsolateral PFC temporo-parietal junction suggests functioning these areas mentalization under situations restricted signals.Our proposed combining be applied inter-brain associated behaviors interest.

Language: Английский

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