Neuron,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
109(23), P. 3810 - 3822.e9
Published: Oct. 5, 2021
Animals
can
choose
to
act
upon,
or
ignore,
sensory
stimuli,
depending
on
circumstance
and
prior
knowledge.
This
flexibility
is
thought
depend
neural
inhibition,
through
suppression
of
inappropriate
disinhibition
appropriate
actions.
Here,
we
identified
the
ventral
lateral
geniculate
nucleus
(vLGN),
an
inhibitory
prethalamic
area,
as
a
critical
node
for
control
visually
evoked
defensive
responses
in
mice.
The
activity
vLGN
projections
medial
superior
colliculus
(mSC)
modulated
by
previous
experience
threatening
tracks
perceived
threat
level
environment,
low
escape
from
visual
threat.
Optogenetic
stimulation
abolishes
responses,
suppressing
its
lowers
threshold
increases
risk-avoidance
behavior.
most
strongly
affects
potentially
via
modality-specific
inhibition
mSC
circuits.
Thus,
circuits
behavior,
animal's
anticipation
danger
environment.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
9(1)
Published: Feb. 9, 2024
Abstract
Worldwide,
the
incidence
of
major
depressive
disorder
(MDD)
is
increasing
annually,
resulting
in
greater
economic
and
social
burdens.
Moreover,
pathological
mechanisms
MDD
underlying
effects
pharmacological
treatments
for
are
complex
unclear,
additional
diagnostic
therapeutic
strategies
still
needed.
The
currently
widely
accepted
theories
pathogenesis
include
neurotransmitter
receptor
hypothesis,
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal
(HPA)
axis
cytokine
neuroplasticity
hypothesis
systemic
influence
but
these
cannot
completely
explain
mechanism
MDD.
Even
it
hard
to
adopt
only
one
reveal
MDD,
thus
recent
years,
great
progress
has
been
made
elucidating
roles
multiple
organ
interactions
identifying
novel
approaches
multitarget
modulatory
strategies,
further
revealing
disease
features
Furthermore,
some
newly
discovered
potential
targets
studied
antidepressants
have
attracted
widespread
attention,
reagents
even
approved
clinical
treatment
methods
such
as
phototherapy
acupuncture
effective
improvement
symptoms.
In
this
work,
we
comprehensively
summarize
latest
research
on
diagnosis
preventive
medicines,
well
related
trials.
Translational Psychiatry,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: Jan. 9, 2023
Abstract
Mood
disorders
are
associated
with
elevated
inflammation,
and
the
reduction
of
symptoms
after
multiple
treatments
is
often
accompanied
by
pro-inflammation
restoration.
A
variety
neuromodulation
techniques
that
regulate
regional
brain
activities
have
been
used
to
treat
refractory
mood
disorders.
However,
their
efficacy
varies
from
person
lack
reliable
indicator.
This
review
summarizes
clinical
animal
studies
on
inflammation
in
neural
circuits
related
anxiety
depression
evidence
therapies
neuroinflammation
treatment
neurological
diseases.
Neuromodulation
therapies,
including
transcranial
magnetic
stimulation
(TMS),
electrical
(TES),
electroconvulsive
therapy
(ECT),
photobiomodulation
(PBM),
ultrasound
(TUS),
deep
(DBS),
vagus
nerve
(VNS),
all
reported
attenuate
reduce
release
pro-inflammatory
factors,
which
may
be
one
reasons
for
improvement.
provides
a
better
understanding
effective
mechanism
indicates
inflammatory
biomarkers
serve
as
reference
assessment
pathological
conditions
options
depression.
Journal of Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
40(16), P. 3250 - 3267
Published: March 20, 2020
Revealing
the
organization
and
function
of
neural
circuits
is
greatly
facilitated
by
viral
tools
that
spread
transsynaptically.
Adeno-associated
virus
(AAV)
exhibits
anterograde
transneuronal
transport,
however,
synaptic
specificity
this
its
broad
application
within
a
diverse
set
remains
to
be
explored.
Here,
using
anatomic,
functional,
molecular
approaches,
we
provide
evidence
for
preferential
transport
AAV1
postsynaptically
connected
neurons
reveal
strongly
dependent
on
transmitter
release.
In
addition
glutamatergic
pathways,
also
spreads
through
GABAergic
synapses
both
excitatory
inhibitory
cell
types.
We
observed
little
or
no
neuromodulatory
projections
(e.g.,
serotonergic,
cholinergic,
noradrenergic).
addition,
found
can
transported
long-distance
descending
from
various
brain
regions
effectively
transduce
spinal
cord
neurons.
Combined
with
newly
designed
intersectional
sparse
labeling
strategies,
applied
wide
variety
pathways
categorize
according
their
input
sources,
morphology,
identities.
These
properties
make
promising
transsynaptic
tool
establishing
comprehensive
cell-atlas
brain,
although
capacity
retrograde
currently
limits
use
unidirectional
circuits.
Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: July 29, 2022
Gamma
oscillation
is
the
synchronization
with
a
frequency
of
30-90
Hz
neural
oscillations,
which
are
rhythmic
electric
processes
neuron
groups
in
brain.
The
inhibitory
interneuron
network
necessary
for
production
gamma
but
certain
disruptions
such
as
brain
inflammation,
oxidative
stress,
and
metabolic
imbalances
can
cause
this
to
malfunction.
oscillations
specifically
control
connectivity
between
different
regions,
crucial
perception,
movement,
memory,
emotion.
Studies
have
linked
abnormal
conditions
central
nervous
system,
including
Alzheimer's
disease,
Parkinson's
schizophrenia.
Evidence
suggests
that
entrainment
using
sensory
stimuli
(GENUS)
provides
significant
neuroprotection.
This
review
discusses
function
advanced
activities
from
both
physiological
pathological
standpoint,
it
emphasizes
potential
therapeutic
approach
range
neuropsychiatric
diseases.
