Research Square (Research Square),
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 17, 2025
Abstract
Enzymatic
reductions
catalyzed
by
reductases,
such
as
aldo/ketoreductases
(AKRs),
imine
and
ene
reductases
generally
depend
on
the
regeneration
of
nicotinamide
cofactors
for
industrial
viability.
This
usually
involves
addition
a
cosubstrate
second
enzyme,
dehydrogenase,
e.g.
glucose
/
dehydrogenase.
For
commercial
viability
it
would
be
more
interesting
to
use
water
sacrificial
supply
necessary
hydrogen
atoms.
is
possible
using
photocatalytic
methods
involving
precious
metal,
Rh
Ru,
complexes
electron
mediators.
A
problem
associated
with
photobiocatalysis
in
general
weak
penetration
ultraviolet
or
visible
light
biological
systems.
Here
we
report
unprecedented
near
infrared
(NIR)
combination
hybrid
photoenzyme
based
IR
responsive
reductive
graphene
quantum
dots
(rGQDs)
that
are
non-toxic
AKRs.
We
envisaged
immobilization
AKR
close
proximity
rGQDs
could
enable
direct
transfer
atoms
from
prochiral
ketone
substrate
without
requiring
cofactor.
To
test
this
hypothesis,
immobilized
surface
cross-linked
AKR.
The
resulting
rGQD/AKR
photobiocatalyst
mediated
synthesis
pharmaceutical
intermediate,
(R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]
ethanol
((R)-3,5-BTPE)
corresponding
ketone,
82%
yield
>
99.99%
ee
under
50
mW·cm−
2
illumination.
work
opens
new
avenues
create
artificial
photoenzymes
simplify
in
vitro
biocatalysis
coupling
renewable
solar
energy
sustainable
chemical
production.
Since
accounts
about
half
entire
spectrum
its
efficient
utilization
crucial
applications
sunlight.
have
demonstrated
our
can
effectively
utilize
catalyze
enzymatic
reduction
ketone.
these
photobiocatalysts
insoluble
solids
they
readily
recovered,
recycled
potentially
employed
continuous
flow
operation.
ACS Synthetic Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: March 19, 2025
The
supply
of
artemisinin,
the
primary
antimalarial
drug
recommended
by
World
Health
Organization
(WHO),
is
limited
due
to
synthesis
cost
and
constraints.
This
study
explores
novel
chemo-enzymatic
pathways
for
efficient
dihydroartemisinic
acid
(DHAA),
penultimate
precursor
artemisinin.
key
concept
here
leverage
seamless
integration
chemical
enzymatic
steps
more
thoroughly
exploring
alternatives.
Using
novoStoic,
a
biosynthetic
pathway
design
tool,
we
identified
previously
unexplored
carbon-
energy-balanced
converting
amorpha-4,11-diene
(AMPD)
DHAA.
For
some
enzymatically
catalyzed
lacking
enzymes,
catalysis
alternatives
were
proposed
implemented,
leading
hybrid
design.
converts
AMPD
directly
DHAA
without
going
through
artemisinic
(AA),
making
it
shorter
compared
with
existing
routes
effort
paves
way
systematic
provides
insight
into
decision
strategies
between
steps.
It
serves
as
an
example
how
tools
can
be
integrated
human
intuition
accelerating
retrosynthesis
AI-based
identify
replace
intuitions
automate
processes.
help
reduce
human-machine
interventions
improve
development
future
planning.
Polymers,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(10), P. 2333 - 2333
Published: May 17, 2023
The
extensive
utilization
of
traditional
petroleum-based
plastics
has
resulted
in
significant
damage
to
the
natural
environment
and
ecological
systems,
highlighting
urgent
need
for
sustainable
alternatives.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
(PHAs)
have
emerged
as
promising
bioplastics
that
can
compete
with
plastics.
However,
their
production
technology
currently
faces
several
challenges,
primarily
focused
on
high
costs.
Cell-free
biotechnologies
shown
potential
PHA
production;
however,
despite
recent
progress,
challenges
still
be
overcome.
In
this
review,
we
focus
status
cell-free
synthesis
compare
it
microbial
cell-based
terms
advantages
drawbacks.
Finally,
present
prospects
development
synthesis.
