Ecological Toxicity, Oxidative Stress and Impacts of Microplastics on Fish Gills

Indus journal of bioscience research., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 19 - 35

Published: March 14, 2025

Microplastics, which are small plastic particles less than 5 millimeters in size, originate from the degradation of larger items or intentionally manufactured for various uses. These have become ubiquitous marine and freshwater environments, posing significant risks to aquatic life due their ability absorb concentrate hazardous pollutants. The exposure Microplastics (MPs), leads DNA damage fish that alters hematological parameters causes oxidative stress, thereby impacting overall health organisms. MPs also induce an imbalance reactive oxygen species (ROS) production antioxidant capacity, causing damage. In addition, impact immune responses physical chemical toxicity cause neurotoxicity, altering AchE activity. This review highlights toxic effects through indicators were examined including bioaccumulation, parameters, responses, neurotoxicity relation MP exposure, facilitating identification biomarkers following fish. study digestive tract contains more microplastics (MPs) gills, with fragments, fibers, films, pellets being predominant types. FTIR analysis identified polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinylchloride, polyamide, polycarbonate both gills system. pollution triggered stress gambusia East Java Brantas River. While PVC-MPs did not significantly affect gill histopathology ion regulation, combined Cu individual findings emphasize need further research on heavy metals ecosystems.

Language: Английский

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Micro- and nanoplastics differ in particle-mucus interactions: the sight on rheological properties, barrier dysfunction and microbiota dysbiosis

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 138130 - 138130

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Microplastics and phthalate esters in yogurt and buttermilk samples: characterization and health risk assessment

Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: April 11, 2025

Language: Английский

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Effects of polyvinyl chloride and low-density polyethylene microplastics on oxidative stress and mitochondria function of earthworm (Eisenia fetida)

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 283, P. 116847 - 116847

Published: Aug. 10, 2024

Plastics are widely used worldwide due to their convenience. However, microplastics (MPs) accumulation poses a serious threat ecosystem health. Therefore, understanding the effects of MPs on living organisms within native is crucial. Previous studies have primarily focused impacts in aquatic environments, whereas terrestrial ecosystems remained largely understudied. our study assessed soil by characterizing toxic earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Here, we exposed two representative plastics environments: polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Given known link between oxidative stress, next quantified stress markers mitochondrial function assess redox metabolism earthworms. Mitochondria crucial metabolic organelles that generate reactive oxygen species via uncontrolled ATP production. Our findings demonstrated exert different depending type. Neither PVC-exposed groups nor LDPE-exposed exhibited changes as worked action superoxide dismutase (SOD) glutathione (GSH). While treatment types MP did not significantly affect amount species/reactive nitrogen (ROS/RNS) generated, PVC more pronounced effect antioxidant system compared LDPE. was markedly decreased group high LDPE concentrations, suggesting examined concentrations were too low activate compensatory mechanisms. Collectively, exposure only influences defense mechanisms but also alters types.

Language: Английский

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Microplastics and human health: unveiling the gut microbiome disruption and chronic disease risks

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Nov. 25, 2024

Microplastics (MPs), defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm, are increasingly recognized environmental contaminants with potential health risks. These emerge breakdown products of larger plastics and omnipresent in marine, freshwater, terrestrial ecosystems. They primarily composed polymers such polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, additives that enhance their performance. MPs also adsorb harmful chemicals like persistent organic pollutants heavy metals, posing risks to human health. Human exposure occurs mainly through ingestion inhalation, detected food products, water, even the air. have been shown accumulate gastrointestinal tract, disrupting gut microbiome, causing dysbiosis-a imbalance between beneficial bacteria. This disruption has linked various issues, including disorders, systemic inflammation, chronic diseases. Furthermore, gut-brain axis may be affected, neuroinflammatory consequences. As research continues unravel impacts MP exposure, understanding mechanisms accumulation broader implications on is crucial. review highlights effects health, emphasizing impact microbiome. We discuss connections cardiometabolic inflammatory diseases, disorders related Gut-Brain Axis. By synthesizing latest research, this work sheds light silent yet pervasive threat posed by underscores importance further studies understand fully.

Language: Английский

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Exposure to phagolysosomal simulated fluid altered the cytotoxicity of PET micro(nano)plastics to human lung epithelial cells

Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 34(1), P. 72 - 97

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

The occurrence of micro(nano)plastics into various environmental and biological settings influences their physicochemical toxic behavior. Simulated body fluids are appropriate media for understanding the degradation, stability, interaction with other substances any material in human body. When particles enter via inhalation, which is one avenues micro(nano)plastics, they first come contact lung lining fluid under neutral conditions then phagocytosed acidic to be removed. Therefore, it important examine transformation toxicity characteristics after phagolysosomal simulant (PSF). Here, we focused on exploring how differences (e.g. surface chemistry, elemental distribution, charge) pH 4.5 phagolysosome impact cytotoxicity oxidative epithelia cells. cells those treated PSF non-treated was tested by viability indicators including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), MTT, LDH. Furthermore, background examined through processes reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, reduced glutathione). results showed that all were significantly influenced conditions. staged responses observed treatment duration, significant changes calculated carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen, sulfonyl groups. Moreover, negativity zeta potentials declined between exposure 2-40 h increased at 80 compared control owing chemical functional groups distribution plastic particles. cytotoxic SOD dominant enzyme triggering due particle degradation instability.

Language: Английский

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Oral subacute polypropylene microplastics administration effect on potential immunotoxicity in ICR mice

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 87(9), P. 371 - 380

Published: March 5, 2024

Exposure to microplastics may be associated with damage of immune system. Polypropylene (PP-MPs) a wide range beneficial applications have not been extensively studied respect the The aim this investigation is examine influence two different sizes PP-MPs (5.2 and 23.9 μm diameter) on system components in ICR mice. were administered orally female male mice at 0 (corn oil vehicle), 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/kg/d for single daily 4-week repeated toxicity test, respectively. No significant differences observed number thymic CD4+, CD8+, CD4+CD8+ T lymphocytes, splenic helper cells, cytotoxic B cells. ratio interferon-γ interleukin-4 culture supernatants from activated splenocytes ex vivo (48 hr) was lower females which repeatedly compared vehicle irrespective size dose. In contrast, opposite trend males. Production tumor necrosis factor-α upregulated that exposed PP-MPs. serum IgG2a/IgG1 lowered receiving large-size Data suggest disturbances resulting predominant type-2 cell reactivity occur mice, especially females, when Further investigations longer exposure periods are necessary determine immunotoxicities attributed

Language: Английский

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Nanoplastics induced health risk: Insights into intestinal barrier homeostasis and potential remediation strategy by dietary intervention

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 472, P. 134509 - 134509

Published: May 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Inhalation of Microplastics Induces Inflammatory Injuries in Multiple Murine Organs via the Toll-like Receptor Pathway

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(42), P. 18603 - 18618

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Previous studies have detected microplastics (MPs) in human biological samples, such as lungs, alveolar lavage fluid, and thrombus. However, whether MPs induce health effects after inhalation are unclear. In this study, fluorescent polystyrene (PS-MPs) were found the thymus, spleen, testes, liver, kidneys, brain on day 1 or 3 one intratracheal instillation. Furthermore, mice showed inflammation multiple organs, manifested obvious infiltration of neutrophils macrophages, increased Toll-like receptors (TLRs), myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), well proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-1β) kidneys four instillations PS-MPs at once every 2 weeks. Hepatic renal function indexes also increased. Subsequently, inflammatory murine organs was significantly alleviated by TLR2 TLR4 inhibitors. Unexpectedly, we did not find any elevated secretion monocyte chemotactic (MCP)-1 TNF-α RAW264.7 macrophages vitro. Thus, induced injuries via TLRs/MyD88/NF-κB pathway vivo, but These results may provide theoretical support for healthy protection against their environmental risk assessment.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of toxicity changes induced by exposure of human cells to lunar dust simulant

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Oct. 21, 2024

Language: Английский

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