Electrostatic and Chemical Interplay between Air–Water and Mineral–Water Interfaces during PFOS Transport in Unsaturated Porous Media

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 10, 2025

Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) migration from vadose zone sources to groundwater is determined by multiple interfacial retention processes and their dependency on hydrochemistry. This study investigates the impact of air-water mineral-water PFOS transport under different hydrochemical conditions assess adsorption magnitudes feedback dynamics as a function ionic strength. Flow-through experiments were conducted in unsaturated quartz goethite-coated sands equilibrated with background electrolyte concentrations distinguish between goethite-water contributions retardation. Measurements breakthrough curves at column outlets allowed tracking differences spatio-temporal evolution plumes two porous media. Process-based reactive simulations, incorporating thermodynamic framework mass-action reactions accounting for processes, quantitative interpretation physical geochemical processes. Experimental modeling results reveal that multiprocess causes nonideal transport, plume retardation mass transfer phases relative contribution individual electrostatic interplay driven solution counterions. These findings illuminate sorption emphasize need simulators implementing interdependent influenced water chemistry conditions.

Language: Английский

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Challenges and Remediation Strategies for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Contamination in Composting

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 4745 - 4745

Published: June 2, 2024

Municipal solid waste (MSW) is projected to rise 3.4 billion tonnes by 2050, with only 33% undergoing environmentally friendly management practices. Achieving a circular economy involves sustainable approaches, among which diverting from landfills composting plays crucial role. However, many of the products society uses and discards in MSW daily contain per- polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), raising concerns that composts may inadvertently introduce PFAS into environment, posing significant challenge environmental sustainability. have been detected compost at concentrations ranging between 1.26–11.84 µg/kg. Composts are therefore source contamination, risks human ecosystem health. Impactful technologies required for remediation during process. This review examines process as organic technology, examining various systems employed, quality, uses, particularly emphasising posed contamination. The provides novel insights possible technologies. A comprehensive understanding origin, fate, transformation lacking, creating substantial knowledge gaps regarding inputs processes contributing most accumulation final product. Addressing these future studies minimising discharge environment developing an effective approach. highlights urgent need innovative solutions mitigate contamination importance advancing research technology achieve objectives.

Language: Английский

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Can qualitative non-target data be indicative of PFAS contamination? First evidence by correlation with EOF in environmental samples

Published: May 21, 2024

We combined and correlated non-target screening (NTS) features extractable organic fluorine (EOF) data for PFAS analysis in environmental samples. Soils, sediments, ashes from different locations (Germany, France, Lithuania) (n=34) were extracted analyzed via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption (HR-CS-GFMAS). NTS feature prioritization based on the to carbon (m/C) defect (MD/C) ratio was applied discriminate potential common co-extracted matrix. Our results show a correlation between quantitative EOF with prioritized number (R2 = 0.87, rPearson 0.93) as well total peak area of 0.97, 0.98) while commonly MD-ranges filtering showed much weaker EOF. The observed highly significant correlations highlight that MD/C-m/C is associated good indication overall burden evidenced by Also, semi-quantitative can be PFAS-specific shown vs. areas. indicate lowly fluorinated compounds negligible mostly composed higher substances. recommend further investigation unique complementary combination screening.

Language: Английский

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Transformation, leaching and plant uptake simulations of 6:2 and 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diesters (diPAPs) and related transformation products under near-natural conditions

Environmental Sciences Europe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: March 28, 2024

Abstract In response to the growing concern over PFAS contamination, employing models simulate behavior in environment becomes necessary. This facilitates evaluating risks tied leaching into groundwater, adsorption soil, plant uptake, entry food chain, and conversion of precursors persistent PFAS. We utilized MACRO model 6:2 diPAP 8:2 using data from a 2-year lysimeter experiment, key compound parameters were optimized via caRamel evolutionary algorithm. assumed that transformation both stable PFAAs is influenced by temperature soil moisture, similar pesticide degradation microorganisms. Results reveal accurately represents transformation, leaching, retention, uptake products. A comparison with lab-based column study supports slower natural precursors, affirming our modeling approach. Temperature moisture could indicate worst-case scenario for product groundwater occur during mild summer moderate evapotranspiration heavy rainfall. Plant involves multiple elements: availability root zone depends on prior or presence. Increased favors combined temperatures high enough biotransformation. The calculation moisture-based rates was adopted directly MACRO. It recommended further investigate these effects validate possibly modify them.

Language: Английский

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Can qualitative non-target data be indicative of PFAS contamination? First evidence by correlation with EOF in environmental samples

Published: May 10, 2024

We combined and correlated non-target screening (NTS) features extractable organic fluorine (EOF) data for PFAS analysis in environmental samples. Soils, sediments, ashes from different locations (Germany, France, Lithuania) (n=34) were extracted analyzed via liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption (HR-CS-GFMAS). NTS feature prioritization based on the to carbon (m/C) defect (MD/C) ratio was applied discriminate potential common co-extracted matrix. Our results show a correlation between quantitative EOF with prioritized number (R2 = 0.87, rPearson 0.93) as well total peak area of 0.97, 0.98) while commonly MD filtering showed no EOF. The observed highly significant correlations highlight that MD/C-m/C is associated good indication overall burden evidenced by Also, semi-quantitative can be PFAS-specific shown vs. areas. indicate lowly fluorinated compounds negligible mostly composed higher substances. recommend further investigation unique complementary combination screening.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) Mass Flux and Distributions in a Lake System Using Sediment Bed Passive Flux Meters and Ceramic Dosimeters

Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(4), P. 38 - 52

Published: July 15, 2024

Abstract Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent in the environment due to their chemical stability can spread quickly a lake system mixing. Passive samplers allow for time‐weighted average concentration monitoring ability detect low concentrations, which difficult measure with conventional grab sampling. This study demonstrates feasibility of deploying both ceramic dosimeters Sediment Bed Flux Meters (SBPFMs) assess time integrated PFAS concentrations fluxes, respectively, at historically contaminated near Baden‐Baden, Germany. Long‐term surface water samples resulted detection PFBA, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHpA, PFOA, PFNA, PFDA, PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS total approximately 1 μg/L. Dosimeters were deployed 66 126 d, resulting detected ranging from 250 380 ng/L 120 460 ng/L, respectively. The d deployment whereas additionally PFUnDA, PFDoDA, PFTeDA, PFPeS, PFOS, PFNS, PFDS. SBPFMs PFUnA, PFTrDA, PFBS determination mass discharge 5.6 g/d into lake. Overall, more sensitive than detecting be used better understand spatial distribution system.

Language: Английский

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Complementary Field and Laboratory Batch Studies to Quantify Generation Rates of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in a Contaminated Agricultural Topsoil with Unknown Precursors

Groundwater Monitoring & Remediation, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 44(3), P. 61 - 75

Published: June 1, 2024

Abstract Soil microbiome changes and generation rates of per‐ polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) precursors were studied in a contaminated agricultural field using combination laboratory batch microcosm studies. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to track how microbial community composition changed over time, while perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA) quantified incubations combined with the direct total oxidizable precursor (dTOP) assay. The study site Brilon‐Scharfenberg, North Rhine‐Westphalia, Germany, has PFAS contamination topsoil (0 30 cm) originating from compost. Generation rate constants these short‐chain PFAA estimated (0.12 0.75 1/year) higher but similar fields (0.05 0.22 1/year). Long‐term mass discharge data (2009 2023) suggest that at least 60 years are needed remove 99.99% their precursors. revealed major impact on biodiversity soil microorganisms, batch‐incubated soils showing richness diversity indexes than control soils. However, most impacts occurred lower taxonomical ranks did not seem have prominent overall structure autochtonous communities where produced accumulated. Overall, our findings demonstrate well‐controlled aerobic test results dTOP assay suitable approach for estimating rates. Additionally, research suggests complete removal will take decades.

Language: Английский

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Persulfate based total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay approaches for advanced PFAS assessment in the environment ̶ a review

Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. e00242 - e00242

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Examining Disparities in PFAS Plasma Concentrations: Impact of Drinking Water Contamination, Food Access, Proximity to Industrial Facilities and Superfund Sites

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 264, P. 120370 - 120370

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

Language: Английский

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PFΔScreen – An open-source tool for automated PFAS feature prioritization in non-target HRMS data

Published: Sept. 26, 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a huge group of anthropogenic chemicals with unique properties that used in countless products applications. Due to the high stability their C–F bonds, PFAS or transformation (TPs) persistent environment, leading ubiquitous detection various samples worldwide. Since industrial chemicals, availability authentic reference standards is limited, making non-target screening (NTS) approaches based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) necessary for more comprehensive characterization. NTS usually time-consuming process, since only small fraction detected can be identified. Therefore, efficient prioritization relevant HRMS signals one most crucial steps. We developed PFΔScreen, Python-based open-source tool simple graphical user interface (GUI) perform feature by several specific techniques such as highly promising MD/C-m/C approach, Kendrick defect analysis, diagnostic fragments (MS2), fragment differences (MS2) suspect screening. Feature from vendor-independent MS raw data (mzML, data-dependent acquisition) performed via pyOpenMS (or custom lists) subsequent calculations identification both HPLC- GC-HRMS data. The PFΔScreen workflow presented four PFAS-contaminated agricultural soil south-western Germany. Over 15 classes (more than 80 single compounds isomers) could identified, including novel classes, potentially TPs precursors fluorotelomer mercapto alkyl phosphates (FTMAPs). within Python environment easily automatically installable executable Windows. Its source code freely available GitHub (https://github.com/JonZwe/PFAScreen).

Language: Английский

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