Global transition of operational carbon in residential buildings since the millennium

Advances in Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11, P. 100145 - 100145

Published: June 4, 2023

The residential sector is the third-largest energy consumer and emitter globally as such at forefront of transition net-zero emissions pathway. To accelerate pace decarbonization buildings, this study first to present a bottom-up assessment framework integrated with decomposing structural decomposition method evaluate emission patterns process building operations in 56 countries spanning 12 regions worldwide from 2000 2020. results show that (1) operational carbon intensity global buildings has maintained an annual decline 1.2% over past two decades, average household size have been key decarbonization; (2) end uses held increasingly important role decarbonizing (-46.3 kgs dioxide per year), largest contributors being appliances(38.3%), followed by space heating (21.2%) lighting (12.6%); (3) although total was 7.1 gigatons achieved efficiency 9.4% yr during time period, regional inequality uneven distribution remained quite large, especially emerging economy regions. Moreover, uncertainty robustness are also tested, adaptive high strategies further proposed for buildings. Overall, reviews compares performances motivations support national efforts reach advance toward carbon-free century.

Language: Английский

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Toward carbon free by 2060: A decarbonization roadmap of operational residential buildings in China

Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 277, P. 127689 - 127689

Published: April 29, 2023

Restraining the rapid growth of operational carbon emissions from residential buildings is critical to achieve neutrality. To illustrate future decarbonization roadmap, this study builds an end-use model analyze past efforts and projected emission change in China's building operations by mid-century. From 2001 2018, reduced 2.77 (±1.61) giga tons dioxide (GtCO2). Dynamic simulation results reveal that will peak 2031 (±3) with 0.95 (±0.06) GtCO2. Energy-related intensity (∼44%) energy (∼36%) are identified as primary factors affecting status, heating (∼87%) playing a crucial role intensity. A feasible path towards neutrality suggests limiting urban rural 0.38 0.27 GtCO2 2030, respectively, offsetting only 0.03 0.01 regions 2060, become free. Overall, proposes stepwise data analysis benchmark decarbonize top emitters, contributing global era

Language: Английский

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Pathway for decarbonizing residential building operations in the US and China beyond the mid-century

Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 342, P. 121164 - 121164

Published: April 25, 2023

With global carbon budget targets looming, residential buildings in top economies must become neutral as soon possible to reserve more emission space for emerging carbon-emitting economies. This study is the first compare operational decarbonization process of China's and United States (US) from 2000 2060 by combining end-use model with decomposing structural decomposition (DSD) method Monte Carlo simulation. The results show that 2001 2020 China decarbonized 1544 mega-tons dioxide (MtCO2) US 1848 MtCO2. In business-as-usual scenario, will hit its peak 2031 (±3) 934 (±61) MtCO2, while maintain a lock-in level 736 (±133) MtCO2 since 2030s. neutrality promoted an increase clean power generation proportion, building-integrated level, building electrification reduction energy intensity, which contribute 34.4 %, 21.4 14.3 29.9 % 32.9 33.1 8.2 25.8 US, respectively. Especially, only costs about 40 what it US. Besides, high-decarbonization strategies operations are proposed references governments formulate targeted climate policies. Overall, this offers data benchmarks buildings' further promote synergistic age Post COP27.

Language: Английский

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Towards COP27: Decarbonization patterns of residential building in China and India

Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 352, P. 122003 - 122003

Published: Sept. 28, 2023

As the two largest emerging emitters with highest growth in operational carbon emissions from residential buildings, historical emission patterns and decarbonization efforts of China India warrant further exploration. This study aims to be first present a intensity model considering end-use performances, assessing progress building over past decades using newest decomposing structural decomposition approach. Results indicate (1) annual increased by 1.4% 2.5% India, respectively, between 2000 2020. Household expenditure-related energy factors were crucial decarbonizing buildings. (2) Building electrification played significant role space cooling (−87.7 − 130.2 kg dioxide (kgCO2) per household India) appliances (∼ −169.7 ∼ −43.4 kgCO2 India). (3) collectively decarbonized 1498.3 399.7 M-tons CO2 operations, respectively. In terms intensity, (164.8 household) nearly caught up (182.5 2020 is expected surpass upcoming years, given country's robust rate 7.3%. Overall, this provides an effective data-driven tool for investigating potential offers valuable insights other economies seeking decarbonize buildings forthcoming COP281 age.

Language: Английский

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Battery electric vehicle charging in China: Energy demand and emissions trends in the 2020s

Applied Energy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 365, P. 123153 - 123153

Published: April 17, 2024

The transportation sector is the third-largest global energy consumer and emitter, making it a focal point in transition toward net-zero future. To accelerate decarbonization of passenger cars, this work first to propose bottom-up charging demand model estimate operational electricity use associated carbon emissions best-selling battery electric vehicles (BEVs) various climate zones China during 2020s. findings reveal that (1) top-20 selling BEV models China, such as Tesla, Wuling Hongguang, BYD, increased from 601 3054 giga-watt hours (GWh) 2020–2022, with BEVs South contributing more than half total demand; (2) 2020 2022, intensities decreased 1364 1095 kilowatt-hour per vehicle 797 621 kilograms dioxide (CO2) vehicle, respectively, North experiencing highest intensity decline compared other regions; (3) stocks 4774 12,048 GWh while rose 6.8 mega-tons CO2 reflecting an annual growth rate ~50%. In summary, delves into examination contrast benchmark data on nation-regional scale, well performance metrics related chargings. primary aim support nationwide efforts decarbonization, aiming for mitigation facilitating swift evolution cars carbon-neutral

Language: Английский

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Carbon peak prediction and emission reduction pathways exploration for provincial residential buildings: Evidence from Fujian Province

Sustainable Cities and Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 105239 - 105239

Published: Jan. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Can green finance strengthen energy resilience? The case of China

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 202, P. 123302 - 123302

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Language: Английский

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Mechanical properties and mesoscopic damage characteristics of basalt fibre-reinforced seawater sea-sand slag-based geopolymer concrete

Journal of Building Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 84, P. 108688 - 108688

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

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Challenges and opportunities in the global net-zero building sector

Cell Reports Sustainability, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1(8), P. 100154 - 100154

Published: Aug. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Assessment of operational carbon emissions for residential buildings comparing different machine learning approaches: A study of 34 cities in China

Building and Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 250, P. 111176 - 111176

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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