A Systematic Review of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Derivatives: Occurrences, Levels, Biotransformation, Exposure Biomarkers, and Toxicity

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(41), P. 15314 - 15335

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) derivatives constitute a significant class of emerging contaminants that have been ubiquitously detected in diverse environmental matrixes, with some even exhibiting higher toxicities than their corresponding parent PAHs. To date, compared PAHs, fewer systematic summaries and reanalyses are available for PAH great concerns. This review summarizes the current knowledge on chemical species, levels, biotransformation patterns, analytical methods, internal exposure routes representative biomarkers, toxicity derivatives, primarily focusing nitrated PAHs (NPAHs), oxygenated (OPAHs), halogenated (XPAHs), alkylated (APAHs). A collection 188 compounds from four categories, 44 NPAHs, 36 OPAHs, 56 APAHs, 52 XPAHs, has compiled 114 studies documented presence derivatives. These exhibited weighted average air concentrations varied lower limit 0.019 pg/m3 to threshold 4060 pg/m3. Different methods utilizing comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC-TOF-MS), (GC-TOF-MS), quadrupole GC-QQQ-MS), Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR MS), adopted untargeted strategies identification also reviewed here. Additionally, an in-depth analysis patterns each category is provided, including likelihood specific reaction types. For toxicity, we summarized key metabolic activation pathways, which could result formation reactive metabolites capable covalently bonding DNA tissue proteins, potential health outcomes such as carcinogenicity genotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation immunotoxicity, developmental might be mediated by aryl receptor (AhR). Finally, pinpoint research challenges emphasize need further identifying tracking external evaluating levels associated clarifying routes, considering mixture effects. aims provide broad understanding derivatives' identification, occurrence, human exposure, biotransformation, offering valuable reference guiding future this underexplored area.

Language: Английский

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Overview of PM2.5 and health outcomes: Focusing on components, sources, and pollutant mixture co-exposure

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 323, P. 138181 - 138181

Published: Feb. 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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Ambient air pollution and gestational diabetes mellitus: A review of evidence from biological mechanisms to population epidemiology

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 719, P. 137349 - 137349

Published: Feb. 15, 2020

Language: Английский

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Particulate Matter Toxicity Is Nrf2 and Mitochondria Dependent: The Roles of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Chemical Research in Toxicology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 33(5), P. 1110 - 1120

Published: April 17, 2020

Particulate matter (PM), an important component of air pollution, induces significant adverse health effects. Many the observed effects caused by inhaled PM are associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. This association has been linked in particular to particles' chemical components, especially inorganic/metal organic/polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fractions, their ability generate reactive oxygen species biological systems. The transcription factor NF-E2 nuclear erythroid-related 2 (Nrf2) is activated redox imbalance regulates expression phase II detoxifying enzymes. Nrf2 plays a key role preventing PM-induced toxicity protecting against damage review focuses on specific particularly dissolved metals PAH roles inducing inflammation cell animal models respect mitochondria.

Language: Английский

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Investigation of the chemical components of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) associated with in vitro cellular responses to oxidative stress and inflammation

Environment International, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 105475 - 105475

Published: Jan. 30, 2020

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) poses a significant risk to human health worldwide, by promoting oxidative stress and inflammation; however, the components responsible for these effects have not been fully evaluated. In this study, we investigated cellular response of macrophage cell line exposed PM2.5 extracts in vitro. We obtained dataset chemical determined those associated with generation reactive oxygen species (ROS) secretion inflammatory cytokines through an orthogonal partial least-squares (OPLS) regression. The results indicated that after water exposure, both ROS interleukin (IL)-1β levels were positively correlated transition metals. cells dichloromethane extracts, IL-1β was significantly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs); meanwhile, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α negatively secondary nitrated PAHs, suggesting atmospheric nitration process might modify biological components. also performed source apportionment using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model explore relative influence different sources on cells. It found from vehicle emissions promoted TNF-α, while induced mainly coal combustion. This study provides information regarding having effects, thereof, which could inform effective measures controlling type air pollution.

Language: Английский

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Self-wetting triphase photocatalysis for effective and selective removal of hydrophilic volatile organic compounds in air

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Photocatalytic air purification is widely regarded as a promising technology, but it calls for more efficient photocatalytic materials and systems. Here we report strategy to introduce an in-situ water (self-wetting) layer on WO

Language: Английский

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PM _2.5 exposure contributes to anxiety and depression-like behaviors via phenyl-containing compounds interfering with dopamine receptor

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 121(21)

Published: May 13, 2024

As a global problem, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) really needs local fixes. Considering the increasing epidemiological relevance to anxiety and depression but inconsistent toxicological results, most important question is clarify whether how PM causally contributes these mental disorders which components are dangerous for crucial mitigation in particular place. In present study, we chronically subjected male mice real-world exposure system throughout winter heating period coal combustion area revealed that caused depression-like behaviors adults such as restricted activity, diminished exploratory interest, enhanced repetitive stereotypy, elevated acquired immobility, through behavioral tests including open field, plus maze, marble-burying, forced swimming tests. Importantly, found dopamine signaling was perturbed using mRNA transcriptional profile bioinformatics analysis, with Drd1 potential target. Subsequently, developed expression-directed multifraction isolating nontarget identifying framework identified total of 209 compounds organic extracts capable reducing expression. Furthermore, by applying hierarchical characteristic fragment analysis molecular docking dynamics simulation, clarified phenyl-containing competitively bound DRD1 interfered signaling, thereby contributing disorders. Taken together, this work provides experimental evidence researchers clinicians identify hazardous factors prevent adverse health outcomes governments municipalities control source emissions diminishing specific disease burdens.

Language: Английский

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Atmospheric particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, hopanes, steranes and trace metals: PM2.5 source identification, individual and cumulative multi-pathway lifetime cancer risk assessment in the urban environment

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 752, P. 141834 - 141834

Published: Aug. 21, 2020

Language: Английский

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Organic Components of Personal PM_2.5 Exposure Associated with Inflammation: Evidence from an Untargeted Exposomic Approach

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 55(15), P. 10589 - 10596

Published: July 23, 2021

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) can promote chronic diseases through the fundamental mechanism of inflammation; however, systemic information is lacking on inflammatory PM2.5 components. To decipher organic components from personal exposure that were associated with respiratory and circulatory responses in older adults, we developed an exposomic approach using trace amounts particles applied it 424 samples collected a panel study Beijing. Applying integrated multivariate univariate untargeted strategy, total 267 compounds filtered then chemically identified according to their association exhaled nitric oxide (eNO)/interleukin (IL)-6 or serum IL-1β/IL-6, monocyclic polycyclic aromatic (i.e., MACs PACs) as representatives. Indoor-derived species medium volatility including mainly inflammation, while low-volatile ambient originate combustion sources, such PACs, mostly airway inflammation. Following component exposure, found inverted U-shaped relationship change eNO insulin resistance, suggesting higher risk cardiopulmonary dysfunction for individuals homeostatic model assessment resistance (HOMA-IR) levels > 2.3. Overall, this provided practical strategy investigation proposed source-specific effects.

Language: Английский

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The Parallel Transformations of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Body and in the Atmosphere

Environmental Health Perspectives, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 130(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emitted from combustion sources are known to be mutagenic, with more potent species also being carcinogenic. Previous studies show that PAHs can undergo complex transformations both in the body and atmosphere, yet these transformation processes generally investigated separately.Drawing literature atmospheric chemistry toxicology, we highlight parallel of occur atmosphere discuss implications for public health. We examine key uncertainties related toxicity oxidation products explore critical areas future research.We focus on a mode PAHs, which metabolic (driven by cytochrome P450 enzymes), leads formation oxidized damage DNA. Such formed abiotically natural processes, potentially augmenting PAH skipping necessary steps activate their mutagenicity. Despite large two general pathways, extent affects PAH's overall remains highly uncertain. Combining knowledge promoting collaboration across fields help identify pathways resulting impact health.Cross-disciplinary research, toxicology evaluate mixtures, measurements compounds most toxic. Close between research communities narrow down degradation products, should targeted when assessing health risks. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9984.

Language: Английский

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