The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis

Physiological Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 99(4), P. 1877 - 2013

Published: Aug. 28, 2019

The importance of the gut-brain axis in maintaining homeostasis has long been appreciated. However, past 15 yr have seen emergence microbiota (the trillions microorganisms within and on our bodies) as one key regulators function led to appreciation a distinct microbiota-gut-brain axis. This is gaining ever more traction fields investigating biological physiological basis psychiatric, neurodevelopmental, age-related, neurodegenerative disorders. brain communicate with each other via various routes including immune system, tryptophan metabolism, vagus nerve enteric nervous involving microbial metabolites such short-chain fatty acids, branched chain amino peptidoglycans. Many factors can influence composition early life, infection, mode birth delivery, use antibiotic medications, nature nutritional provision, environmental stressors, host genetics. At extreme diversity diminishes aging. Stress, particular, significantly impact at all stages life. Much recent work implicated gut many conditions autism, anxiety, obesity, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease. Animal models paramount linking regulation fundamental neural processes, neurogenesis myelination, microbiome activation microglia. Moreover, translational human studies are ongoing will greatly enhance field. Future focus understanding mechanisms underlying attempt elucidate microbial-based intervention therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Regulation of Tryptophan Metabolism in Health and Disease

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 23(6), P. 716 - 724

Published: June 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: Aug. 13, 2018

Accumulating evidence implicates metabolites produced by gut microbes as crucial mediators of diet-induced host-microbial cross-talk. Here, we review emerging data suggesting that microbial tryptophan catabolites resulting from proteolysis are influencing host health. These suggested to activate the immune system through binding aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), enhance intestinal epithelial barrier, stimulate gastrointestinal motility, well secretion hormones, exert anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative or toxic effects in systemic circulation, and putatively modulate composition. Tryptophan thus affect various physiological processes may contribute homeostasis health disease.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome structure and metabolic activity in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 4(2), P. 293 - 305

Published: Nov. 28, 2018

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiome and health: mechanistic insights

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(5), P. 1020 - 1032

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

The gut microbiota is now considered as one of the key elements contributing to regulation host health. Virtually all our body sites are colonised by microbes suggesting different types crosstalk with organs. Because development molecular tools and techniques (ie, metagenomic, metabolomic, lipidomic, metatranscriptomic), complex interactions occurring between microorganisms progressively being deciphered. Nowadays, deviations linked many diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes, hepatic steatosis, intestinal bowel (IBDs) several cancer. Thus, that various pathways involved in immunity, energy, lipid glucose metabolism affected. In this review, specific attention given provide a critical evaluation current understanding field. Numerous mechanisms explaining how bacteria might be causally protection or onset discussed. We examine well-established metabolites short-chain fatty acids, bile trimethylamine N-oxide) extend more recently identified actors endocannabinoids, bioactive lipids, phenolic-derived compounds, advanced glycation end products enterosynes) their receptors such peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gamma (PPARγ), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), G protein-coupled GPR41, GPR43, GPR119, Takeda 5). Altogether, complexity aspects linking health will help set basis for novel therapies already developed.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and IBD: causation or correlation?

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 14(10), P. 573 - 584

Published: July 19, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 223 - 237

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Signals from the gut microbiota to distant organs in physiology and disease

Nature Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 22(10), P. 1079 - 1089

Published: Oct. 1, 2016

Language: Английский

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Tryptophan metabolism as a common therapeutic target in cancer, neurodegeneration and beyond

Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 379 - 401

Published: Feb. 13, 2019

Language: Английский

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Salt-responsive gut commensal modulates TH17 axis and disease

Nature, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 551(7682), P. 585 - 589

Published: Nov. 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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