Seminars in Cancer Biology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
111, P. 48 - 59
Published: Feb. 26, 2025
With
the
increase
in
life
expectancy,
age-related
conditions
and
diseases
have
become
a
widespread
relevant
social
burden.
Among
these,
immunosenescence
cancer
cachexia
play
significant
often
intertwined
role.
Immunosenescence
is
progressive
aging
decline
of
both
innate
adaptive
immune
systems
leading
to
increased
infection
susceptibility,
poor
vaccination
efficacy,
autoimmune
disease,
malignancies.
Cancer
affects
elderly
patients
with
causing
severe
weight
loss,
muscle
wasting,
inflammation,
reduced
response
therapies.
Whereas
connections
between
been
raising
attention,
molecular
mechanisms
still
need
be
completely
elucidated.
This
review
aims
at
providing
current
knowledge
about
interplay
immunosenescence,
skeletal
muscle,
cachexia,
analyzing
pathways
known
so
far
involved.
Finally,
we
highlight
potential
therapeutic
strategies
suited
for
population
aimed
block
preserve
mass
also
presenting
analysis
state-of-the-art
related
clinical
trials.
The Journal of Physiological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
72(1)
Published: Aug. 5, 2022
Abstract
Extensive
research
has
found
strongly
increased
generation
of
reactive
oxygen
species,
free
radicals,
and
nitrogen
species
during
acute
physical
exercise
that
can
lead
to
oxidative
stress
(OS)
impair
muscle
function.
Polyphenols
(PCs),
the
most
abundant
antioxidants
in
human
diet,
are
increasing
interest
athletes
as
antioxidants.
Current
literature
suggests
supplementation
effectively
modulate
these
processes.
This
overview
summarizes
actual
knowledge
chemical
biomechanical
properties
PCs
their
impact
supplements
on
exercise-induced
OS,
inflammation
control,
performance.
Evidence
maintains
PC
have
high
potency
positively
redox
homeostasis
improve
skeletal
muscle's
physiological
functions.
However,
many
studies
failed
present
improvement
Eleven
15
representative
experimental
reported
a
reduction
severe
OS
markers
or
enhancement
total
antioxidant
capacity;
four
eight
performance
outcomes.
Further
should
be
continued
address
safe,
optimal
dosage,
timing
training
program
different
sports
disciplines,
effects
response
adaptations
exercise.
Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13(1)
Published: June 17, 2022
Abstract
Aberrant
amino
acid
metabolism
is
a
common
event
in
obesity.
Particularly,
subjects
with
obesity
are
characterized
by
the
excessive
plasma
kynurenine
(Kyn).
However,
primary
source
of
Kyn
and
its
impact
on
metabolic
syndrome
yet
to
be
fully
addressed.
Herein,
we
show
that
overexpressed
indoleamine
2,3-dioxygenase
1
(IDO1)
adipocytes
predominantly
contributes
Kyn,
indicating
central
role
metabolism.
Depletion
Ido1
abrogates
accumulation,
protecting
mice
against
Mechanistically,
impairs
lipid
homeostasis
via
activating
aryl
hydrocarbon
receptor
(AhR)/Signal
transducer
activator
transcription
3
/interleukin-6
signaling.
Genetic
ablation
AhR
abolishes
effect
Kyn.
Moreover,
supplementation
vitamin
B6
ameliorated
from
Collectively,
our
data
support
increased
circulating
while
elimination
accumulated
could
viable
strategy
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
34(11), P. 749 - 763
Published: Aug. 24, 2023
Interleukin
(IL)-6
elicits
both
anticancer
and
procancer
effects
depending
on
the
context,
which
we
have
termed
'exercise
IL-6
enigma'.
is
released
from
skeletal
muscles
during
exercise
to
regulate
short-term
energy
availability.
Exercise-induced
provokes
biological
that
may
protect
against
cancer
by
improving
insulin
sensitivity,
stimulating
production
of
anti-inflammatory
cytokines,
mobilising
immune
cells,
reducing
DNA
damage
in
early
malignant
cells.
By
contrast,
continuously
produced
leukocytes
inflammatory
sites
drives
tumorigenesis
promoting
chronic
inflammation
activating
tumour-promoting
signalling
pathways.
How
can
a
molecule
such
opposing
cancer?
Here,
review
roles
inflammation,
tumorigenesis,
exercise-associated
prevention
define
factors
underpin
enigma.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
14
Published: Jan. 3, 2024
Bone
and
skeletal
muscle
work
in
coordination
to
maintain
the
function
of
musculoskeletal
system,
which
contraction
drives
movement
bone
lever
system
while
provides
insert
sites
for
through
bone-muscle
junction.
Existing
evidence
suggests
that
factors
secreted
by
mediate
interaction
between
two
tissues.
Herein,
we
focused
on
relationship
underlying
mechanism
interaction.
Exercise
can
promote
strength
secrete
osteocalcin
insulin-like
growth
factor
I
into
blood,
thus
improving
quality.
In
addition,
exercise
also
myostatin,
interleukin-6,
Irisin,
apelin
muscles
enter
blood
so
they
act
bones
balance
absorption
formation.
There
is
a
special
regulatory
axis
interleukin-6/osteocalcin
myokines
osteokines,
mainly
influenced
exercise.
Therefore,
pay
attention
important
intersection
are
affected
exercise,
were
found
or
their
functions
expanded,
strengthened
connection
organs
whole
body,
highlighting
importance
contributing
diagnosis,
prevention,
treatment
osteoporosis
sarcopenia
clinic.
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
33(1), P. 4 - 19
Published: Sept. 28, 2022
The
cytokine
interleukin‐6
(IL‐6)
is
involved
in
a
diverse
set
of
physiological
processes.
Traditionally,
IL‐6
has
been
thought
terms
its
inflammatory
actions
during
the
acute
phase
response
and
chronic
conditions
such
as
rheumatoid
arthritis
obesity.
However,
also
an
important
signaling
molecule
exercise,
being
acutely
released
from
working
muscle
fibers
with
increased
exercise
duration,
intensity,
glycogen
depletion.
In
this
context,
enables
muscle‐organ
crosstalk,
facilitating
coordinated
to
help
maintain
energy
homeostasis,
while
having
anti‐inflammatory
actions.
range
can
be
explained
by
dichotomous
pathways.
Classical
involves
binding
cell‐surface
receptor
(mbIL‐6R;
present
on
only
small
number
cell
types)
predominant
mechanism
exercise.
Trans‐signaling
soluble
version
(sIL‐6R),
resulting
complex
much
greater
half‐life
ability
signal
all
types.
drives
pathway
disease.
A
single
nucleotide
polymorphism
(rs2228145)
IL‐6R
gene
modify
classical/trans‐signaling
balance
through
increasing
levels
sIL‐6R.
This
SNP
clinical
significance,
linked
type
1
diabetes,
well
severity
symptoms
experienced
COVID‐19.
review
will
describe
how
training
rs2228145
consequent
implications
for
health
athletic
performance.
