Can We Swim Yet? Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Risk Assessment of Aging Sewage in Surface Waters

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 52(17), P. 9634 - 9645

Published: Aug. 6, 2018

This study investigated the risk of gastrointestinal illness associated with swimming in surface waters aged sewage contamination. First, a systematic review compiled 333 first order decay rate constants (k) for human norovirus and its surrogates feline calicivirus murine norovirus, Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, human-associated indicators water. A meta-analysis effects sunlight, temperature, water matrix on k. There was relatively large number k bacterial pathogens some (n > 40), fewer protozoans = 14–22), few Caliciviridae 2–4). Average ranked: Campylobacter markers Salmonella> E. O157:H7 Giardia Cryptosporidium. Compiled values were used quantitative microbial assessment (QMRA) to simulate The QMRA fecal indicator HF183 as an index amount present thereby provided insight into how relates concentrations Because exposure contributed majority risk, is greater than k, fixed concentration increases age Swimmer after it has ∼3 days results median risks less 30/1000. risk-based quality threshold that takes account uncertainty contamination derived be 4100 copies/100 mL.

Language: Английский

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Fecal indicator bacteria from environmental sources; strategies for identification to improve water quality monitoring

Water Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 185, P. 116204 - 116204

Published: July 20, 2020

Language: Английский

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Persistence and Decay of Fecal Microbiota in Aquatic Habitats

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 83(4)

Published: Oct. 1, 2019

Fecal microorganisms can enter water bodies in diverse ways, including runoff, sewage discharge, and direct fecal deposition. Once water, the experience conditions that are very different from intestinal habitats. The transition host to aquatic environment may lead rapid inactivation, some degree of persistence, or growth. Microorganisms remain planktonic, be deposited sediment, wash up on beaches, attach vegetation. Each these habitats offers a panoply stressors advantages, UV light exposure, temperature fluctuations, salinity, nutrient availability, biotic interactions with indigenous microbiota (e.g., predation and/or competition). sources likewise numerous, wildlife, pets, livestock, humans. Most unlikely affect human health, but certain taxa cause waterborne disease. Others signal increased probability pathogen presence, e.g., indicator bacteria Escherichia coli enterococci bacteriophages, act as source identifiers (microbial tracking markers). effects environmental factors decay frequently inconsistent across microbial species, sources, measurement strategies culture versus molecular). Therefore, broad generalizations about fate environments problematic, compromising efforts predict health risk contamination events. This review summarizes recent literature environments, recognizes defensible generalizations, identifies knowledge gaps provide particularly fruitful avenues for obtaining better understanding fates organisms environments.

Language: Английский

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Concerns and strategies for wastewater treatment during COVID-19 pandemic to stop plausible transmission

Resources Conservation and Recycling, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 105156 - 105156

Published: Sept. 4, 2020

Language: Английский

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Water Disinfection in Rural Areas Demands Unconventional Solar Technologies

Accounts of Chemical Research, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 52(5), P. 1187 - 1195

Published: April 3, 2019

ConspectusProviding access to safe drinking water is a prerequisite for protecting public health. Vast improvements in quality have been witnessed during the last century, particularly urban areas, thanks successful implementation of large, centralized treatment plants and distribution treated via underground networks pipes. Nevertheless, infection by waterborne pathogens through consumption biologically unsafe remains one most significant causes morbidity mortality developing rural areas. In these construction systems impractical due high capital costs lack existing infrastructure. Improving areas demands paradigm shift unconventional, innovative disinfection strategies that are low cost simple implement maintain, while also requiring minimal infrastructure.The point-of-use (POU) techniques at household- or community-scale promising intervention strategy producing immediate health benefits vulnerable populations. Among POU techniques, solar-driven processes considered instrumental this strategy, as typically receive higher than average surface sunlight irradiation. Materials can efficiently harvest produce disinfecting agents pivotal surpassing performance conventional techniques. account, we highlight recent advances materials harness disinfect water. We describe physicochemical properties molecular mechanisms four categories disinfectants be generated harvesting sunlight: heat, germicidal UV radiation, strong oxidants, mild oxidants. Our work materials-based solar technologies discussed detail, with particular focus on materials' mechanistic functions their modes action inactivation three common types (i.e., bacteria, virus, protozoa). conclude different should applied depending source target pathogen variations susceptibility microbial components disparate disinfectants. addition, expect ample research opportunities exist reactor design process engineering scale-up improved materials, accounting infrastructure demand input. Although practical new will face social economic challenges cannot overlooked, novel such play role reducing borne disease burden communities world.

Language: Английский

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