Environmental Occurrence and Toxicity of 6PPD Quinone, an Emerging Tire Rubber-Derived Chemical: A Review

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 815 - 823

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is a chemical added to tires prevent their oxidative degradation. 6PPD highly reactive with ozone and oxygen, leading the formation of transformation products such as quinone (6PPDQ) on tire surfaces and, subsequently, in road wear particles. 6PPDQ toxicant that has been found roadway runoff receiving water systems. Its presence municipal stormwater led acute mortality coho salmon during migration urban creeks reproduce, generating global interest studying its occurrence toxicity environment. This review aims provide critical overview current state knowledge 6PPDQ, assisting researchers policymakers understanding potential impacts this emerging environment human health. As there are many unanswered questions surrounding further research needed. highlights importance including regulations for 6PPD, well all synthetic chemicals concern.

Language: Английский

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Urine Excretion, Organ Distribution, and Placental Transfer of 6PPD and 6PPD-Quinone in Mice and Potential Developmental Toxicity through Nuclear Receptor Pathways

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 57(36), P. 13429 - 13438

Published: Aug. 29, 2023

The rubber antioxidant 6PPD has gained significant attention due to its highly toxic transformation product, 6PPD-quinone (6PPDQ). Despite their detection in urines of pregnant women, the placental transfer and developmental toxicity 6PPDQ are unknown. Here, we treated C57Bl/6 mice with 4 mg/kg or investigate urine excretion transfer. Female male exhibited sex difference profiles 6PPDQ. Urine concentrations were one order magnitude lower than those 6PPD, suggesting higher bioaccumulation In from embryonic day 11.5 15.5, showed ∼1.5–8 times placenta, embryo body, brain, Using vitro dual-luciferase reporter assays, revealed that activated human retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) retinoid X (RXRα) at as low 0.3 μM, which was ∼10-fold detected urines. RXRα 1.2 μM. These results demonstrate exposure risks during pregnancy emphasize need for further toxicological epidemiological investigations.

Language: Английский

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Environmentally realistic dose of tire-derived metabolite 6PPD-Q exposure causes intestinal jejunum and ileum damage in mice via cannabinoid receptor-activated inflammation

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 918, P. 170679 - 170679

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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Environmental profiles, hazard identification, and toxicological hallmarks of emerging tire rubber-related contaminants 6PPD and 6PPD-quinone

Environment International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 187, P. 108677 - 108677

Published: April 21, 2024

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) is commonly used in rubber compounds as antioxidants to protect against degradation from heat, oxygen, and ozone exposure. This practice extends the lifespan of products, including tires, by preventing cracking, aging, deterioration. However, environmental consequences waste generated during product use, particularly formation 6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) through reaction 6PPD with ozone, have raised significant concerns due their detrimental effects on ecosystems. Extensive research has revealed widespread occurrence its derivate 6PPD-Q various compartments, air, water, soil. The emerging substance been shown pose acute mortality long-term hazards aquatic terrestrial organisms at concentrations below environmentally relevant levels. Studies demonstrated toxic a range organisms, zebrafish, nematodes, mammals. These include neurobehavioral changes, reproductive dysfunction, digestive damage exposure pathways. Mechanistic insights suggest that mitochondrial stress, DNA adduct formation, disruption lipid metabolism contribute toxicity induced 6PPD-Q. Recent findings human samples, such blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, underscore importance further public health toxicological implications these compounds. distribution, fate, biological effects, underlying mechanisms environment highlight urgent need for additional understand address impacts

Language: Английский

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High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Human Exposomics: Expanding Chemical Space Coverage

Environmental Science & Technology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 58(29), P. 12784 - 12822

Published: July 10, 2024

In the modern "omics" era, measurement of human exposome is a critical missing link between genetic drivers and disease outcomes. High-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), routinely used in proteomics metabolomics, has emerged as leading technology to broadly profile chemical exposure agents related biomolecules for accurate measurement, high sensitivity, rapid data acquisition, increased resolution space. Non-targeted approaches are increasingly accessible, supporting shift from conventional hypothesis-driven, quantitation-centric targeted analyses toward data-driven, hypothesis-generating exposome-wide profiling. However, HRMS-based exposomics encounters unique challenges. New analytical computational infrastructures needed expand analysis coverage through streamlined, scalable, harmonized workflows pipelines that permit longitudinal tracking, retrospective validation, multi-omics integration meaningful health-oriented inferences. this article, we survey literature on state-of-the-art technologies, review current informatic pipelines, provide an up-to-date reference exposomic chemists, toxicologists, epidemiologists, care providers, stakeholders health sciences medicine. We propose efforts benchmark fit-for-purpose platforms expanding space, including gas/liquid chromatography-HRMS (GC-HRMS LC-HRMS), discuss opportunities, challenges, strategies advance burgeoning field exposome.

Language: Английский

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A mini review on 6PPD quinone: A new threat to aquaculture and fisheries

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 340, P. 122828 - 122828

Published: Oct. 29, 2023

Language: Английский

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Occurrence of Polymer Additives 1,3-Diphenylguanidine (DPG), N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), and Chlorinated Byproducts in Drinking Water: Contribution from Plumbing Polymer Materials

Environmental Science & Technology Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 10(10), P. 885 - 890

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

While the occurrence of polymer additives in environment has gained much attention recent years, particularly through emission tire wear particles (TWPs), evidence such chemicals drinking water systems is limited. Even less information available regarding potential chlorination/chloramination transformation byproducts. In this study, we report N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-benzenediamine (6PPD), 1,3-diphenylguanidine (DPG), and three chlorinated byproducts (1,3-bis(2-chlorophenyl)guanidine (CC15), 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)guanidine (CC05), 1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-phenylguanidine) (CC11)) samples (n = 20). DPG showed detection frequency 100%; median 4.3 ng/L (min 0.25 ng/L; max 32.6 ng/L), a by product (CC15) was also detected 100% samples; 1.7 0.29 11.2 ng/L). CC11 found 10% previously reported as potentially genotoxic. most studies have focused on rubber related origin 6PPD environment, results show major contribution other materials used household devices tap aerators, O-rings seals. Leaching demonstrated, contact with free chlorine monochloramine induced formation different halogenated

Language: Английский

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Stable isotope-assisted mass spectrometry reveals in vivo distribution, metabolism, and excretion of tire rubber-derived 6PPD-quinone in mice

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 912, P. 169291 - 169291

Published: Dec. 15, 2023

Language: Английский

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P-phenylenediamine antioxidants and their quinone derivatives: A review of their environmental occurrence, accessibility, potential toxicity, and human exposure

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 948, P. 174449 - 174449

Published: July 3, 2024

Language: Английский

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Spatiotemporal variation of 6PPD and 6PPDQ in dust and soil from e-waste recycling areas

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 923, P. 171495 - 171495

Published: March 5, 2024

Language: Английский

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