Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as key actors in inflammatory bowel disease

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 17(4), P. 223 - 237

Published: Feb. 19, 2020

Language: Английский

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Antibiotics, birth mode, and diet shape microbiome maturation during early life

Science Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 8(343)

Published: June 15, 2016

A longitudinal study of intestinal microbiota in children and their mothers shows that antibiotics, cesarean section, infant formula alter patterns microbial acquisition succession during the first 2 years childhood.

Language: Английский

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Regulation of immune cell function by short‐chain fatty acids

Clinical & Translational Immunology, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 5(4)

Published: April 1, 2016

Short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bacterial fermentation products, which chemically composed by a carboxylic acid moiety and small hydrocarbon chain. Among them, acetic, propionic butyric the most studied, presenting, respectively, two, three four carbons in their chemical structure. These metabolites found high concentrations intestinal tract, from where they uptaken epithelial cells (IECs). The SCFAs partially used as source of ATP these cells. In addition, molecules act link between microbiota immune system modulating different aspects IECs leukocytes development, survival function through activation G protein coupled receptors (FFAR2, FFAR3, GPR109a Olfr78) modulation activity enzymes transcription factors including histone acetyltransferase deacetylase hypoxia‐inducible factor. Considering that, it is not surprise, fact that and/or targets suggested to have an important role maintenance homeostasis changes components this associated with pathological conditions inflammatory bowel disease, obesity others. aim review present clear updated description effects derived bacteria on host system, well molecular mechanisms involved them.

Language: Английский

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Homeostatic Immunity and the Microbiota

Immunity, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 46(4), P. 562 - 576

Published: April 1, 2017

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota in colorectal cancer: mechanisms of action and clinical applications

Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 690 - 704

Published: Sept. 25, 2019

Language: Английский

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SCFA: mechanisms and functional importance in the gut

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 80(1), P. 37 - 49

Published: April 2, 2020

In recent years, the importance of gut microbiota in human health has been revealed and many publications have highlighted its role as a key component physiology. Owing to use modern sequencing approaches, characterisation microbiome healthy individuals disease demonstrated disturbance microbiota, or dysbiosis, associated with pathological conditions. The establishes symbiotic crosstalk their host: commensal microbes benefit from nutrient-rich environment provided by produces hundreds proteins metabolites that modulate functions host, including nutrient processing, maintenance energy homoeostasis immune system development. Many bacteria-derived originate dietary sources. Among them, an important attributed derived bacterial fermentation fibres, namely SCFA linking host nutrition intestinal maintenance. are fuels for epithelial cells (IEC) regulate IEC through different mechanisms proliferation, differentiation well subpopulations such enteroendocrine cells, impact motility strengthen barrier metabolism. Recent findings show SCFA, particular butyrate, also immuno-modulatory functions. this review, we discuss on immunity consequently health.

Language: Английский

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Microbiota-activated PPAR-γ signaling inhibits dysbiotic Enterobacteriaceae expansion

Science, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 357(6351), P. 570 - 575

Published: Aug. 11, 2017

Healthy guts exclude oxygen Normally, the lumen of colon lacks oxygen. Fastidiously anaerobic butyrate-producing bacteria thrive in colon; by ablating these organisms, antibiotic treatment removes butyrate. Byndloss et al. discovered that loss butyrate deranges metabolic signaling gut cells (see Perspective Cani). This induces nitric oxidase to generate nitrate and disables β-oxidation epithelial would otherwise mop up stray before it enters colon. Simultaneously, regulatory T retreat, inflammation is unchecked, which contributes yet more species Then, facultative aerobic pathogens, such as Escherichia coli Salmonella enterica , can take advantage altered environment outgrow any antibiotic-crippled benign anaerobes. Science this issue p. 570 ; see also 548

Language: Английский

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Human gut microbiota/microbiome in health and diseases: a review

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 113(12), P. 2019 - 2040

Published: Nov. 2, 2020

Language: Английский

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Fat, fibre and cancer risk in African Americans and rural Africans

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: April 28, 2015

Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The rates associated with animal protein and fat, lower fibre consumption, colonic secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acid quantities mucosal proliferative biomarkers risk otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role fat this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges subjects from same populations, where were fed a high-fibre, low-fat African-style diet high-fat, low-fibre western-style diet, under close supervision. In comparison their usual diets, changes resulted remarkable reciprocal aspects microbiota metabolome known to affect risk, best illustrated by increased saccharolytic fermentation butyrogenesis, suppressed synthesis Americans. have Africans, which is dietary metabolic differences. Here, O'Keefe et al.show that switching leads gut microbiota, metabolites biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Butyrate: A Double-Edged Sword for Health?

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 21 - 29

Published: Jan. 1, 2018

Language: Английский

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