What's your move? Movement as a link between personality and spatial dynamics in animal populations

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 20(1), P. 3 - 18

Published: Dec. 20, 2016

Recent studies have established the ecological and evolutionary importance of animal personalities. Individual differences in movement space-use, fundamental to many personality traits (e.g. activity, boldness exploratory behaviour) been documented across species contexts, for instance personality-dependent dispersal syndromes. Yet, insights from concurrently developing ecology paradigm are rarely considered recent evidence other movements space-use lack a general unifying framework. We propose conceptual framework spatial ecology. link expectations derived with behavioural reaction-norms offer specific predictions on interactions between environmental factors, such as resource distribution or landscape structure, intrinsic variation. consider how heterogeneity individual consistency that carry-over scales can lead personality-dependent: (1) foraging search performance; (2) habitat preference; (3) home range utilization patterns; (4) social network structure (5) emergence assortative population clusters support our model spatially explicit simulations variation demonstrating complex population-level patterns simple individual-level behaviours. Consideration consistent will facilitate mechanistic understanding processes drive social, spatial, dynamics heterogeneous environments.

Language: Английский

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Going through the motions: incorporating movement analyses into disease research

Ecology Letters, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 588 - 604

Published: Feb. 14, 2018

Abstract Though epidemiology dates back to the 1700s, most mathematical representations of epidemics still use transmission rates averaged at population scale, especially for wildlife diseases. In simplifying contact process, we ignore heterogeneities in host movements that complicate real world, and overlook their impact on spatiotemporal patterns disease burden. Movement ecology offers a set tools help unpack letting researchers more accurately model how animals within interact spread pathogens. Analytical techniques from this growing field can also expose reverse process: infection impacts movement behaviours, therefore other ecological processes like feeding, reproduction, dispersal. Here, synthesise contributions research, with particular focus studies have successfully used movement‐based methods quantify individual heterogeneity exposure risk. Throughout, highlight rapid growth both comment promising but unexplored avenues research overlap. Ultimately, suggest, including empowers ecologists pose new questions, expanding our understanding host–pathogen dynamics improving predictive capacity even human

Language: Английский

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Adult vultures outperform juveniles in challenging thermal soaring conditions

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 6(1)

Published: June 13, 2016

Abstract Due to the potentially detrimental consequences of low performance in basic functional tasks, individuals are expected improve with age and show most marked changes during early stages life. Soaring-gliding birds use rising-air columns (thermals) reduce energy expenditure allocated flight. We offer a framework evaluate thermal soaring GPS-tracking study movements Eurasian griffon vultures ( Gyps fulvus ). Because location intensity thermals variable, we hypothesized that would experience predicted inexperienced (<2 months) be inferior experienced ones (>5 years). No differences were found body characteristics, climb rates under wind shear selection, presumably due vultures’ tendency forage mixed-age groups. Adults, however, outperformed juveniles their ability adjust fine-scale challenging conditions, as had lower intermediate shear, particularly on lee-side columns. Juveniles also less efficient along route both terms time energy. The these handicaps probably exacerbated if lag behind adults finding approaching food.

Language: Английский

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Socially interacting or indifferent neighbours? Randomization of movement paths to tease apart social preference and spatial constraints

Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 971 - 979

Published: Feb. 25, 2016

Summary Understanding how animals interact with their physical and social environment is a major question in ecology, but separating between these factors often challenging. Observed interaction rates may reflect behaviour – preferences or avoidance of conspecifics certain phenotypes. Yet, environmental spatiotemporal heterogeneity also affects individual space use rates. For instance, clumped ephemeral resources force individuals to aggregate independently sociality. Proximity‐based networks ( PBSN s) are becoming increasingly popular for studying structures thanks the parallel improvement biotracking technologies network randomization methods. While current methods focus on swapping identities among nodes data streams that underlies (e.g. movement paths), we still need better tools distinguish contribution sociality other towards those interactions. We propose novel method randomizes path segments different time stamps within each separately (Part I). Temporal whole full days) retains original spatial structure while decoupling synchronization individuals. This allows researchers compare observed dyadic association expected by chance given explicit dyad. Further, since changes commonly much slower than duration interactions, can differentiate two II). First, an individual's divided into successive windows weeks), days randomized window. Then, exploring deviations change as function window length, refine our null model account temporal activity areas. used biased‐correlated random walk models simulate populations socially indifferent sociable agents testing both false‐positive negative errors. Applying set GPS‐tracked sleepy lizards Tiliqua rugosa ) demonstrated its ability reveal organization free‐ranging accounting confounding heterogeneity. demonstrate this robust sampling bias argue it applicable wide range systems tracking techniques, be extended test preferential phenotypic assortment s.

Language: Английский

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Social foraging and individual consistency in following behaviour: testing the information centre hypothesis in free-ranging vultures

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 284(1852), P. 20162654 - 20162654

Published: April 12, 2017

Uncertainties regarding food location and quality are among the greatest challenges faced by foragers communal roosting may facilitate success through social foraging. The information centre hypothesis (ICH) suggests that uninformed individuals at shared roosts benefit from following informed to previously visited resources. We tested several key prerequisites of ICH in a obligate scavenger, Eurasian griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), tracking movements behaviour sympatric over extended periods across relatively large spatial scales, thereby precluding alternative explanations such as local enhancement. In agreement with ICH, we found 'informed' returning carcasses were followed 'uninformed' vultures consequently got access these When dyad (two depart same roost within 2 min each other) included an individual, they spent higher proportion flight time close other shorter distance between them than otherwise. Although all occasionally profited others, differed their tendencies be or uninformed. This study provides evidence for 'following behaviour' natural conditions demonstrates differential roles states population. Moreover, demonstrating possible reliance on emphasizes declining populations suffer reduced foraging efficiency.

Language: Английский

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The Use of Acceleration to Code for Animal Behaviours; A Case Study in Free-Ranging Eurasian Beavers Castor fiber

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 10(8), P. e0136751 - e0136751

Published: Aug. 28, 2015

Recent technological innovations have led to the development of miniature, accelerometer-containing electronic loggers which can be attached free-living animals. Accelerometers provide information on both body posture and dynamism used as descriptors define behaviour. We deployed tri-axial accelerometer 12 free-ranging Eurasian beavers Castor fiber in county Telemark, Norway, four captive (two two North American C. canadensis) corroborate acceleration signals with observed behaviours. By using random forests for classifying behavioural patterns from accelerometry data, we were able distinguish seven behaviours; standing, walking, swimming, feeding, grooming, diving sleeping. show how apply use determine behaviour, emphasise ease this non-invasive method implemented. Furthermore, discuss strengths weaknesses this, implementation animals, illustrating limitations, suggestions solutions. Ultimately, approach may also serve a template facilitating studies other animals similar locomotor modes deliver new insights into hitherto unknown aspects ecology.

Language: Английский

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Unravelling the origins of anomalous diffusion: From molecules to migrating storks

Physical Review Research, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: July 18, 2022

Anomalous diffusion or, more generally, anomalous transport, with nonlinear dependence of the mean-squared displacement on measurement time, is ubiquitous in nature. It has been observed processes ranging from microscopic movement molecules to macroscopic, large-scale paths migrating birds. Using data multiple empirical systems, spanning 12 orders magnitude length and 8 we employ a method detect individual underlying origins transport data. This decomposes into three primary effects: long-range correlations (``Joseph effect''), fat-tailed probability density increments (``Noah nonstationarity (``Moses effect''). We show that such decomposition real-life allows us infer nontrivial behavioral predictions resolve open questions fields single-particle tracking living cells ecology.

Language: Английский

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Large‐scale movement patterns in a social vulture are influenced by seasonality, sex, and breeding region

Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Quantifying space use and segregation, as well the extrinsic intrinsic factors affecting them, is crucial to increase our knowledge of species-specific movement ecology design effective management conservation measures. This particularly relevant in case species that are highly mobile dependent on sparse unpredictable trophic resources, such vultures. Here, we used GPS-tagged data 127 adult Griffon Vultures Gyps fulvus captured at five different breeding regions Spain describe patterns (home-range size fidelity, monthly cumulative distance). We also examined how individual sex, season, region determined distance traveled overlap between consecutive home-ranges. Overall, exhibited very large annual home-range sizes 5027 ± 2123 km2, mean distances 1776 1497 km, showed a fidelity 67.8 25.5%. However, individuals from northern smaller home-ranges shorter than those southern ones. In all cases, were larger spring summer winter autumn, which could be related difference flying conditions food requirements associated with reproduction. Moreover, females less males, indicating latter tended similar areas throughout year. results indicate both modulate Vulture spatial segregation depends sex season level, without differences site fidelity. These have important implications for conservation, identifying key threat necessary improve actions policy decisions.Cuantificar el uso y la segregación del espacio, así como los factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos que afectan, es para aumentar nuestro conocimiento de ecología movimientos cada especie diseñar medidas eficaces gestión conservación. Esto especialmente relevante en caso especies con gran movilidad dependientes recursos tróficos escasos impredecibles, son buitres. En este trabajo se utilizaron datos GPS buitres leonados adultos capturados cinco regiones cría diferentes España describir patrones movimiento (tamaño fidelidad área campeo distancia acumulada mensual). También examinamos cómo sexo, estación año región determinaban recorrida tamaño solapamiento entre áreas mensuales consecutivas. conjunto, mostraron un anual muy extensa una mensual media km al Sin embargo, individuos las más septentrionales pequeñas recorrieron distancias cortas meridionales. todos casos, fueron mayores primavera verano otoño invierno, lo podría estar relacionado diferencias condiciones vuelo necesidades tróficas asociadas reproducción. Además, hembras menor machos, indica estos últimos tienden utilizar zonas similares durante todo año. nuestros resultados indican tanto modulan buitre leonado espacial depende sexo nivel individual, sin existan relevantes cuanto lugar. Estos podrían tener importantes implicaciones conservación, identificación principales necesarios mejorar decisiones políticas.

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Integrating social networks, animal personalities, movement ecology and parasites: a framework with examples from a lizard

Animal Behaviour, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 136, P. 195 - 205

Published: Oct. 16, 2017

Language: Английский

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Decision-making by a soaring bird: time, energy and risk considerations at different spatio-temporal scales

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 371(1704), P. 20150397 - 20150397

Published: Aug. 16, 2016

Natural selection theory suggests that mobile animals trade off time, energy and risk costs with food, safety other pay-offs obtained by movement. We examined how birds make movement decisions integrating aspects of flight biomechanics, ecology behaviour in a hierarchical framework investigating track variation across several spatio-temporal scales. Using extensive global positioning system accelerometer data from Eurasian griffon vultures ( Gyps fulvus ) Israel France, we soaring–gliding decision-making comparing inbound versus outbound flights (to or central roost, respectively), these (and other) home-range foraging movements (up to 300 km) long-range (longer than km). found have similar features compared their counterparts: individuals reduced journey time performing more efficient flight, expenditure flapping less were risk-prone gliding steeply between thermals. Age, breeding status, wind conditions altitude (but not sex) affected prioritization during flights. therefore suggest facing trade-offs broad range ecological contexts spatial scales, presumably owing similarity the uncertainty about outcomes. This article is part themed issue ‘Moving moving medium: new perspectives on flight’.

Language: Английский

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