The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function

Neuropsychopharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 47(1), P. 72 - 89

Published: Aug. 18, 2021

Concepts of cognitive control (CC) and executive function (EF) are defined in terms their relationships with goal-directed behavior versus habits controlled automatic processing, related to the functions prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions networks. A psychometric approach shows unity diversity CC constructs, 3 components most commonly studied constructs: general or common specific mental set shifting working memory updating. These constructs considered against cellular systems neurobiology PFC what is known its functional neuroanatomical network organization based on lesioning, neurochemical, neuroimaging approaches across species. also context motivation, as "cool" "hot" forms. Its Common component shown be distinct from intelligence (g) closely response inhibition. Impairments possible causes psychiatric symptoms consequences disorders. The factor psychopathology (p) dimensional such impulsivity large scale developmental adult populations considered, well implications for genetic studies RDoC classification.

Language: Английский

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Do Rating and Task Measures of Control Abilities Assess the Same Thing?

Current Directions in Psychological Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(3), P. 262 - 271

Published: May 18, 2022

The ability to control our thoughts and actions is broadly associated with health success, so it unsurprising that measuring self-control abilities a common goal across many areas of psychology. Puzzlingly, however, different measures - questionnaire ratings computerized cognitive tasks show only weak relationships each other. We review evidence this discrepancy not just result poor reliability or validity tasks. Rather, seem assess aspects control, distinguishable along six main dimensions. To improve the psychological science surrounding self-control, will be important for future work investigate relative importance these dimensions dissociations between measures, researchers motivate explain which they are studying when one both types deployed. Keywords: executive function, self-regulation, impulsivity.

Language: Английский

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Neurocognitive predictors of addiction-related outcomes: A systematic review of longitudinal studies

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 152, P. 105295 - 105295

Published: June 28, 2023

It is well-established that addiction typically associated with a distinct pattern of neurocognitive functioning consensus it typified by impaired top-down executive control and aberrant risk-reward processing. Despite neurocognition plays an important role in characterizing maintaining addictive disorders, there lack systematic, bottom-up synthesis quantitative evidence showing predicts behaviors, which constructs have the best predictive validity. This systematic review aimed to assess whether cognitive processes as defined Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) predict development maintenance behaviors specifically, consumption, severity, relapse. The findings from this expose substantial for predicting outcomes. However, suggests reward-related may be detection early risk addiction, well potentially viable target designing novel, more effective interventions.

Language: Английский

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Mapping neurodevelopmental diversity in executive function

Cortex, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 172, P. 204 - 221

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Executive function, an umbrella term used to describe the goal-directed regulation of thoughts, actions, and emotions, is important dimension implicated in neurodiversity established malleable predictor multiple adult outcomes. Neurodevelopmental differences have been linked both executive function strengths weaknesses, but evidence for associations between specific profiles neurodevelopmental conditions mixed. In this exploratory study, we adopt unsupervised machine learning approach (self-organising maps), combined with k-means clustering identify data-driven a transdiagnostic sample 566 neurodivergent children aged 8-18 years old. We include measures designed capture two distinct aspects function: performance-based tasks tap state-like efficiency cognitive skills under optimal conditions, behaviour ratings suited capturing trait-like application control everyday contexts. Three were identified: one had consistent difficulties across types assessments, while other inconsistent predominantly rating- or task-based difficulties. Girls without formal diagnosis more likely profile primarily Children these different academic achievement mental health outcomes could further be differentiated from comparison group on shared profile-unique patterns neural white matter organisation. Importantly, children's not directly related diagnostic categories dimensions associated diagnoses (e.g., hyperactivity, inattention, social communication). These findings support idea that assessments provide non-redundant information they should interchangeably. The advance our understanding their relationship behavioural variation populations.

Language: Английский

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Questionnaires and task-based measures assess different aspects of self-regulation: Both are needed

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 116(49), P. 24396 - 24397

Published: Nov. 12, 2019

While Enkavi et al.’s (1) examination of the reliability self-regulation dependent variables (DVs) from online assessments is an important addition to field, their conclusion that “survey DVs are more appropriate for individual differences analyses [than behavioral tasks]” (p. 5476) likely overstated. Existing research indicates task-based constructs 1) highly reliable at latent variable level and 2) predict variance in real-world behavior 3) independent predicted by questionnaires. Thus, both questionnaires measures understand associated outcomes. First, psychological assessed tasks not interchangeable. al.'s finding low associations … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: Naomi.Friedman{at}colorado.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1

Language: Английский

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Association between marijuana use and cognitive development: Relevance for dual systems

Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97, P. 101759 - 101759

Published: Jan. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

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Understanding Time to Vaping Onset in Childhood and Adolescence: A Dual Systems Model Approach

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 112575 - 112575

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Major Depressive Disorder as a Driver of Dual Systems Model Development During Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Among Justice-Involved Youth: Is Salience Age-Graded?

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 18, 2024

The dual systems model is a psychological framework centered on differential development of sensation-seeking and impulse control during adolescence emerging adulthood with implications for understanding antisocial behavior. However, there dearth research which has examined mental illness as driver these constructs. This study major depressive disorder risk factor elevated diminished tested to determine whether the salience differed by age. Pathways Desistance data were analyzed. Mixed effects models direct effect outcomes test moderation Findings indicated that at baseline was associated increased control. Relationships did not differ in based Results suggest treatment effective addressing depression may have relevance mitigating impact cognition.

Language: Английский

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Impulsiveness and Cognitive Patterns. Understanding the Perfectionistic Responses in Spanish Competitive Junior Athletes

Frontiers in Psychology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: July 16, 2019

High performance sport requires that the athletes maintain a constant intensity and control of their personal resources, as well balance between self-regulation performance. Likely, such requirements involve influence beliefs regarding tasks to be performed improve confidence in own resources face competition. Theoretical arguments provide new insights for understanding multidimensional perfectionism its relationships with other variables affective experiences, among others. In this study, was conceptualized "stable personality disposition," whereas impulsiveness components were defined "representing psychological mechanisms (or processes)" underlying athletic experiences.This study aims establish show profiles perfectionist impulsive responses according modality all these variables. Team expected more functional than those combat or endurance sports.The 487 (273 boys; 214 girls) practicing high-performance examined. A non-randomized, cross-sectional design used. Self-reports used measure impulsiveness, competence self-perceptions.Athletes impulsivity showed higher perceived self-competence. Athletes reflective thoughts, careful planning generally less sensitive rewards behaviors self-regulated planned (functional impulsivity) moderate most dysfunctional addition, seems useful striver want best, they are focused on committed future goals self-improvement. It is important coaches understand how processes (impulsivity) self-knowledge (perfectionism) could formed try offer better opportunities building enhance mental abilities.

Language: Английский

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Associations of developmental imbalance between sensation seeking and premeditation in adolescence and heavy episodic drinking in emerging adulthood

Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 45(6), P. 1249 - 1264

Published: May 15, 2021

Dual systems theories suggest that greater imbalance between higher reward sensitivity and lower cognitive control across adolescence conveys risk for behaviors such as heavy episodic drinking (HED). Prior research demonstrated psychological analogues of these systems, sensation seeking premeditation, change from childhood through emerging adulthood, each has been independently linked with HED. However, few studies have assessed whether over time in developing is prospectively associated Moreover, we know no shown within-person differences relatively premeditation the adolescent period predict HED adulthood.Prospective data National Consortium on Alcohol NeuroDevelopment Adolescence study (n = 715) were used to examine association among adolescents ages 16 20 years. We novel applications latent difference score modeling growth curve analysis test increasing seeking, their are period, associations differed by sex.Whereas increased linearly adulthood sexes, males reported females decline seeking. Sensation (and not premeditation) was levels adulthood. Importantly, though note variability capturing this correlated highly (r 0.86) baseline seeking.Developmental late may be a factor

Language: Английский

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