The Ecology and Evolution of Alien Plants

Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 49(1), P. 25 - 47

Published: June 6, 2018

We review the state of art alien plant research with emphasis on conceptual advances and knowledge gains general patterns drivers, biotic interactions, evolution. Major include identification different invasion stages invasiveness dimensions (geographic range, habitat specificity, local abundance) appropriate comparators while accounting for propagule pressure year introduction. Developments in phylogenetic functional trait bear great promise better understanding underlying mechanisms. Global are emerging pressure, disturbance, increased resource availability, climate matching as major but species characteristics also play a role. Biotic interactions resident communities shape outcomes, roles diversity, enemies, novel weapons, mutualists. Mounting evidence has been found rapid evolution invasive aliens evolutionary responses natives, mechanistic requires tighter integration molecular phenotypic approaches. hope open questions identified this will stimulate further ecology plants.

Language: Английский

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Why Are Invasive Plants Successful?

Annual Review of Plant Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 74(1), P. 635 - 670

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Plant invasions, a byproduct of globalization, are increasing worldwide. Because their ecological and economic impacts, considerable efforts have been made to understand predict the success non-native plants. Numerous frameworks, hypotheses, theories advanced conceptualize interactions multiple drivers context dependence invasion with aim achieving robust explanations predictive power. We review these from community-level perspective rather than biogeographical one, focusing on terrestrial systems, explore roles intrinsic plant properties in determining species invasiveness, as well effects biotic abiotic conditions mediating ecosystem invasibility (or resistance) evolutionary processes. also consider fundamental influences human-induced changes at scales ranging local global triggering, promoting, sustaining invasions discuss how could alter future trajectories.

Language: Английский

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A synthesis of biological invasion hypotheses associated with the introduction–naturalisation–invasion continuum

Oikos, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2023(5)

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

With the advent of Anthropocene, biological invasions have reached an unprecedented level, and number species introductions is still increasing in ever‐changing world. Despite major advances invasion science, significant debate lack clarity remain surrounding determinants success introduced species, magnitude dimensions their impact, mechanisms sustaining successful invasions. Empirical studies show divergent impacts alien populations on ecosystems contrasting effects biotic abiotic factors dynamics populations, which hinders creation a unified theory Compounding these issues plethora hypotheses that aim to explain success, can be unclear contradictory. We propose synthesis categorizes along timeline invasion. sorted timeline, considered population, community ecosystem levels. This temporal sorting concepts shows each relevant at specific stage Although empirical findings may appear contradictory, when mapped onto they combined complementary way. An overall scheme proposed summarise theoretical subjected For any given case study, this framework provides guide through maze theories should help choose appropriate according

Language: Английский

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The application of assisted migration as a climate change adaptation tactic: An evidence map and synthesis

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 280, P. 109932 - 109932

Published: Feb. 26, 2023

Language: Английский

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Invasion syndromes: a systematic approach for predicting biological invasions and facilitating effective management

Biological Invasions, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 22(5), P. 1801 - 1820

Published: March 2, 2020

Abstract Our ability to predict invasions has been hindered by the seemingly idiosyncratic context-dependency of individual invasions. However, we argue that robust and useful generalisations in invasion science can be made considering “invasion syndromes” which define as “a combination pathways, alien species traits, characteristics recipient ecosystem collectively result predictable dynamics impacts, managed effectively using specific policy management actions”. We describe this approach outline examples highlight its utility, including: cacti with clonal fragmentation arid ecosystems; small aquatic organisms introduced through ballast water harbours; large ranid frogs frequent secondary transfers; piscivorous freshwater fishes connected plant high-elevation areas; tall-statured grasses; tree-feeding insects forests suitable hosts. propose a systematic method for identifying delimiting syndromes. syndromes account biological while incorporating insights from comparative studies. Adopting will help structure thinking, identify transferrable risk assessment lessons, similarities among events were previously considered disparate phenomena.

Language: Английский

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Darwin’s naturalization conundrum can be explained by spatial scale

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 117(20), P. 10904 - 10910

Published: May 4, 2020

Darwin proposed two seemingly contradictory hypotheses regarding factors influencing the outcome of biological invasions. He initially posited that nonnative species closely related to native would be more likely successfully establish, because they might share adaptations local environment (preadaptation hypothesis). However, based on observations majority naturalized plant in United States belonged genera, he concluded lack competitive exclusion facilitate establishment alien invaders phylogenetically distinct from flora (competition-relatedness To date, no consensus has been reached these opposing hypotheses. Here, following Darwin, we use examine patterns taxonomic and phylogenetic relatedness between taxa across thousands nested locations ranging size extent, regional scales. We find probability observing signature environmental filtering over competition increases with spatial scale. Further, tended less warm, humid environments. Our work provides an empirical assessment role observation scale climate invasions demonstrates Darwin's need not mutually exclusive.

Language: Английский

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Evolutionary Parasitology

Oxford University Press eBooks, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 15, 2021

Abstract Parasites are ubiquitous and shape almost every aspect of their hosts, including physiology, behaviour, life histories, the structure microbiota, entire communities. Hence, parasitism is one most potent forces in nature and, without parasites, world would look very different. The book gives an overview over parasite groups diversity defences that hosts have evolved, such as immune systems. Principles evolutionary biology ecology analyse major elements host–parasite interactions, virulence, infection processes, tolerance, resistance, specificity, memory, polymorphisms, within-host dynamics, diseases spaces, many other aspects. Genetics always key these topics. Modelling, furthermore, can predict best strategies for host parasites. Similarly, spread infectious disease epidemiology combines with molecular data genomics. Furthermore, parasites evolved ways to overcome manipulate hosts. Hosts therefore, continuously co-evolve, changes sometimes occurring rapidly, requiring geological times. Many humans emerged from a zoonotic origin, processes governed by basic principles discussed different sections. this integrates fields study phenomena. It summarizes essential topics parasitology will be useful broad audience.

Language: Английский

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Facilitation and the invasibility of plant communities

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(5), P. 2019 - 2028

Published: Feb. 14, 2021

Abstract One of the most studied emergent functions plant community diversity is resistance diverse communities to non‐native invasions. As emphasized in this Special Feature, facilitation among native species a key mechanism by which biodiversity increases various functions, including invasion. However, when assemblages facilitate species, diversity–invasibility may be compromised. Here, I review scientific literature on invasion facilitative interactions, either and or affect invasibility. Native can directly also generate net indirect effects through suppressing that compete with invaders, but examples latter are not common. Such direct contributes ‘invasional meltdown’ restructures communities. In general, interactions between increased environmental stress, suggesting might resist more effectively environmentally favourable sites, whereas severe contribute Synthesis . each other ways, important consequences for invasibility Facilitative alter fundamental relationship invasibility, particularly habitats.

Language: Английский

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Invasion drives plant diversity loss through competition and ecosystem modification

Journal of Ecology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 109(10), P. 3587 - 3601

Published: July 1, 2021

Abstract Although invasive plants increasingly contribute to the current biodiversity crisis, mechanisms through which they impact native communities are still poorly understood. Community ecology theory has emphasized direct competitive displacement over common resources, but invasion‐driven ecosystem modifications, such as altered soil pH, might also have consequences for plant diversity. However, relative importance of modification compared resource competition rarely been tested. Here we studied vine Vincetoxicum rossicum across invaded meadows in southern Ontario, Canada. In each meadow site, quantified: (a) strength on resident community, (b) potential with species (as degree niche dissimilarity and superiority residents based their functional traits) (c) amount related invasion. We found that impacts were more negative where invader had greater competitively displace (because it a similar or was superior), strongly N pools, moisture pH. Synthesis . Our case study suggests while is undoubtedly an important driver invasion impact, modifications can cascading effects communities, thereby magnifying biological invasions.

Language: Английский

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Advancing biological invasion hypothesis testing using functional diversity indices

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 834, P. 155102 - 155102

Published: April 8, 2022

Pioneering investigations on the effects of introduced populations community structure, ecosystem functioning and services have focused invaders taxonomic diversity. However, taxonomic-based diversity metrics overlook heterogeneity species roles within among communities. As homogenizing biological invasions processes can be subtle, they may require use functional indices to properly evidenced. Starting from listing major indices, alongside presentation their strengths limitations, we focus studies pertaining invasive native communities recipient ecosystems using indices. By doing so, reveal that strongly vary at onset invasion process, while it stabilizes intermediate high levels invasion. changes occurring during lag phase an been poorly investigated, show is still unknown whether there are consistent in could indicate end phase. Thus, recommend providing information stage under consideration when computing metrics. For existing literature, also surprising very few explored difference between organisms same trophic levels, or assessed non-native organism establishment into a non-analogue versus analogue community. valuable tools for obtaining in-depth diagnostics structure functioning, applied timely implementation restoration plans improved conservation strategies. To conclude, our work provides first synthetic guide hypothesis testing biology.

Language: Английский

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