Pain Medicine,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(11), P. 3073 - 3086
Published: April 25, 2020
To
evaluate
the
short-term
and
long-term
effects
of
plant-based
medical
cannabis
in
a
chronic
pain
population
over
course
one
year.A
longitudinal,
prospective,
12-month
observational
study.Patients
were
recruited
treated
at
clinic
specializing
care
from
October
2015
to
March
2019.A
total
751
patients
initiating
treatment.Study
participants
completed
Brief
Pain
Inventory
12-item
Short
Form
Survey
(SF-12),
as
well
surveys
on
opioid
medication
use
adverse
events,
baseline
once
month
for
12
months.Medical
treatment
was
associated
with
improvements
severity
interference
(P
<
0.001)
observed
maintained
observation
period.
Significant
also
SF-12
physical
mental
health
domains
0.002)
starting
three
months.
decreases
headaches,
fatigue,
anxiety,
nausea
after
initiation
≤
0.002).
In
who
reported
baseline,
there
significant
reductions
oral
morphine
equivalent
doses
0.0001),
while
correlates
significantly
improved
by
end
study
period.Taken
together,
findings
this
add
cumulative
evidence
support
safe
effective
option
potential
substitute
or
augmentation
therapy
management
symptoms
quality
life
patients.
Pharmacology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
107(3-4), P. 131 - 149
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
<b><i>Background:</i></b>
There
is
a
growing
interest
in
the
use
of
cannabis
(and
its
extracts),
as
well
CBD
oil
(hemp
extracts
containing
cannabidiol),
for
therapeutic
purposes.
While
there
reason
to
believe
that
cannabinoids
may
be
efficacious
number
different
diseases
and
syndromes,
exist
limited
objective
data
supporting
crude
materials
(CBD
oil,
extracts,
and/or
itself).
<b><i>Summary:</i></b>
In
present
review,
we
examined
pure
cannabinoid
compounds
(dronabinol,
nabilone,
CBD),
partially
purified
medicinal
(nabiximols),
provide
guidance
on
potential
uses
high-THC
oil.
general,
support
role
cannabis/cannabinoids
pain,
seizure
disorders,
appetite
stimulation,
muscle
spasticity,
treatment
nausea/vomiting.
Given
biological
activities
cannabinoids,
utility
central
nervous
system
disorders
(such
neurodegenerative
diseases,
PTSD,
addiction)
or
cancer.
However,
those
are
much
less
compelling.
<b><i>Key
Message:</i></b>
On
balance,
reasons
medical
extract
(Δ<sup>9</sup>-THC-dominant
CBD-dominant),
but
more
careful
research
required.
Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
376(2), P. 204 - 212
Published: Nov. 9, 2020
Medical
cannabis
and
individual
cannabinoids,
such
as
Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(Δ9-THC)
cannabidiol
(CBD),
are
receiving
growing
attention
in
both
the
media
scientific
literature.
The
Cannabis
plant,
however,
produces
over
100
different
cannabigerol
(CBG)
serves
precursor
molecule
for
most
abundant
phytocannabinoids.
CBG
exhibits
affinity
activity
characteristics
between
Δ9-THC
CBD
at
cannabinoid
receptors
but
appears
to
be
unique
its
interactions
with
α-2
adrenoceptors
5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT1A).
Studies
indicate
that
may
have
therapeutic
potential
treating
neurologic
disorders
(e.g.,
Huntington
disease,
Parkinson
multiple
sclerosis)
inflammatory
bowel
well
having
antibacterial
activity.
There
is
interest
commercial
use
of
this
unregulated
phytocannabinoid.
This
review
focuses
on
pharmacology
CBG,
our
current
knowledge
possible
utility,
toxicological
hazards.
SIGNIFICANCE
STATEMENT
Cannabigerol
currently
being
marketed
a
dietary
supplement
and,
(CBD)
before,
many
claims
made
about
benefits.
Unlike
CBD,
little
research
has
been
performed
molecule,
much
what
known
warrants
further
investigation
identify
areas
uses
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
25(24), P. 5792 - 5792
Published: Dec. 8, 2020
Terpenes
are
the
primary
constituents
of
essential
oils
and
responsible
for
aroma
characteristics
cannabis.
Together
with
cannabinoids,
terpenes
illustrate
synergic
and/or
entourage
effect
their
interactions
have
only
been
speculated
in
last
few
decades.
Hundreds
identified
that
allude
to
cannabis
sensory
attributes,
contributing
largely
consumer's
experiences
market
price.
They
also
enhance
many
therapeutic
benefits,
especially
as
aromatherapy.
To
shed
light
on
importance
industry,
purpose
this
review
is
morphologically
describe
sources
explain
biosynthesis
diversity
terpene
profiles
different
chemovars.
Phytomedicine Plus,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
4(2), P. 100549 - 100549
Published: March 24, 2024
Terpenoids,
present
in
essential
oils
(EOs),
have
gained
significant
attention
due
to
their
diverse
pharmacological
properties
and
alignment
with
the
growing
global
interest
natural
sustainable
products.
EOs,
derived
from
various
plants,
shown
promise
antimicrobial,
anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant,
other
valuable
applications.
This
comprehensive
review
aims
elucidate
chemistry
roles
of
terpenoids
covering
classification,
extraction
techniques,
potential
pharmaceutical
We
delve
into
functions
human
immune
system,
impact
on
health,
contributions
environmental
sustainability.
The
synthesizes
existing
literature,
categorizing
distinct
classes,
including
monoterpenoids,
sesquiterpenoids,
diterpenoids,
sesterterpenoids,
triterpenoids.
explore
purification
methods,
such
as
steam
distillation,
solvent
extraction,
chromatography.
Additionally,
we
discuss
terpenoids,
anticancer
activities.
Terpenoids
EOs
exhibit
potent
antimicrobial
antioxidant
activities,
making
them
pivotal
plant
disease
resistance.
They
also
offer
therapeutic
applications
phytomedicine,
aromatherapy,
beyond,
capacity
enhance
system
combat
viruses,
inflammation,
cancer.
demonstrated
multifaceted
benefits,
contributing
well-being
highlights
medical
treatments
everyday
life,
emphasizing
need
understand
pharmacokinetics
efficacy
for
harnessing
full
beyond.
Molecules,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
29(2), P. 410 - 410
Published: Jan. 15, 2024
Cannabis,
renowned
for
its
historical
medicinal
use,
harbours
various
bioactive
compounds—cannabinoids,
terpenes,
and
flavonoids.
While
major
cannabinoids
like
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol
(THC)
cannabidiol
(CBD)
have
received
extensive
scrutiny
their
pharmacological
properties,
emerging
evidence
underscores
the
collaborative
interactions
among
these
constituents,
suggesting
a
collective
therapeutic
potential.
This
comprehensive
review
explores
intricate
relationships
synergies
between
cannabinoids,
flavonoids
in
cannabis.
Cannabinoids,
pivotal
cannabis’s
bioactivity,
exhibit
well-documented
analgesic,
anti-inflammatory,
neuroprotective
effects.
Terpenes,
aromatic
compounds
imbuing
distinct
flavours,
not
only
contribute
to
sensory
profile
but
also
modulate
cannabinoid
effects
through
diverse
molecular
mechanisms.
Flavonoids,
another
cannabis
component,
demonstrate
antioxidant,
particularly
relevant
neuroinflammation.
The
entourage
hypothesis
posits
that
combined
cannabinoid,
terpene,
flavonoid
action
yields
synergistic
or
additive
effects,
surpassing
individual
compound
efficacy.
Recognizing
nuanced
is
crucial
unravelling
complete
Tailoring
treatments
based
on
holistic
composition
of
strains
allows
optimization
outcomes
while
minimizing
potential
side
imperative
delve
into
roles
flavonoids,
offering
promising
prospects
innovative
interventions
advocating
continued
research
unlock
full
within
realm
natural
plant-based
medicine.
The Journal of Headache and Pain,
Journal Year:
2018,
Volume and Issue:
19(1)
Published: May 24, 2018
Medicinal
cannabis
registries
typically
report
pain
as
the
most
common
reason
for
use.
It
would
be
clinically
useful
to
identify
patterns
of
treatment
in
migraine
and
headache,
compared
arthritis
chronic
pain,
analyze
preferred
strains,
biochemical
profiles,
prescription
medication
substitutions
with
cannabis.
Via
electronic
survey
medicinal
patients
arthritis,
demographics
use
including
methods,
frequency,
quantity,
cannabinoid
terpene
were
recorded.
Cannabis
among
headache
was
assessed
via
ID
Migraine™
questionnaire,
a
validated
screen
used
predict
probability
migraine.
Of
2032
patients,
21
illnesses
treated
Pain
syndromes
accounted
42.4%
(n
=
861)
overall;
29.4%
598;),
9.3%
188),
3.7%
75;).
Across
all
illnesses,
symptom
24.9%
505).
These
given
68%
343)
giving
3
"Yes"
responses,
20%
102)
2
responses
(97%
93%
migraine,
respectively).
Therefore,
88%
445)
treating
probable
Hybrid
strains
across
subtypes,
"OG
Shark"
strain
groups.
Many
substituted
medications
(41.2–59.5%),
commonly
opiates/opioids
(40.5–72.8%).
Prescription
substitution
included
(43.4%),
anti-depressant/anti-anxiety
(39%),
NSAIDs
(21%),
triptans
(8.1%),
anti-convulsants
(7.7%),
muscle
relaxers
(7%),
ergots
(0.4%).
Chronic
use,
consistent
registries.
The
majority
positive
Migraine™,
groups,
Shark",
high
THC
(Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol)/THCA
(tetrahydrocannabinolic
acid),
low
CBD
(cannabidiol)/CBDA
(cannabidiolic
predominant
terpenes
β-caryophyllene
β-myrcene,
This
could
reflect
potent
analgesic,
anti-inflammatory,
anti-emetic
properties
THC,
anti-inflammatory
analgesic
β-myrcene.
Opiates/opioids
Prospective
studies
are
needed,
but
results
may
provide
early
insight
into
optimizing
crossbred
synergistic
dosing,
syndromes.
Neurogastroenterology & Motility,
Journal Year:
2019,
Volume and Issue:
31(S2)
Published: June 1, 2019
Abstract
Cannabis
is
commonly
used
in
cyclic
vomiting
syndrome
(
CVS
)
due
to
its
antiemetic
and
anxiolytic
properties.
Paradoxically,
chronic
cannabis
use
the
context
of
has
led
recognition
a
putative
new
disorder
called
cannabinoid
hyperemesis
CHS
).
Since
first
description
2004,
numerous
case
series
reports
have
emerged
describing
this
phenomenon.
Although
not
pathognomonic,
patient
behavior
“compulsive
hot
water
bathing”
been
associated
with
.
There
considerable
controversy
about
how
defined.
Most
data
remain
heterogenous
limited
follow‐up,
making
it
difficult
ascertain
whether
causal,
merely
clinical
association
,
or
unmasks
triggers
symptoms
patients
inherently
predisposed
develop
This
article
will
discuss
role
regulation
nausea
vomiting,
specifically
focusing
on
both
order
address
controversies
context.
To
objective,
we
collated
analyzed
published
determine
number
reported
cases
that
meet
current
Rome
IV
criteria
for
We
also
identified
limitations
existing
diagnostic
framework
propose
revised
diagnose
Future
research
area
should
improve
our
understanding
help
us
better
understand
manage
disorder.
Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
3(1), P. 25 - 60
Published: Aug. 10, 2020
Cannabis
sativa
plant
has
not
only
cannabinoids
as
crucial
compounds
but
also
the
other
that
play
important
role
synergistic
and/or
entourage
compound.
Cannabis/hemp
materials
and
essential
oils
were
analyzed
with
help
of
gas
chromatography/mass
spectrometry
detector
for
content
terpenes
terpenoids.
The
main
terpenes/terpenoids
their
abundance
in
samples
evaluated.
Results
this
study
will
be
helpful
next
evaluation
these
compound
mixture
importance
medical
treatment.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
21(18), P. 6740 - 6740
Published: Sept. 14, 2020
Cannabidiol
(CBD)
is
a
non-intoxicating
and
generally
well-tolerated
constituent
of
cannabis
which
exhibits
potential
beneficial
properties
in
wide
range
diseases,
including
cardiovascular
disorders.
Due
to
its
complex
mechanism
action,
CBD
may
affect
the
system
different
ways.
Thus,
we
reviewed
influence
on
this
health
disease
determine
risk
side
effects
during
use
for
medical
wellness
purposes
elucidate
therapeutic
diseases.
Administration
healthy
volunteers
or
animals
usually
does
not
markedly
hemodynamic
parameters.
Although
has
been
found
exhibit
vasodilatory
antioxidant
hypertension,
it
affected
blood
pressure
hypertensive
animals.
Hypotensive
action
mainly
revealed
under
stress
conditions.
Many
positive
have
observed
experimental
models
heart
diseases
(myocardial
infarction,
cardiomyopathy,
myocarditis),
stroke,
neonatal
hypoxic
ischemic
encephalopathy,
sepsis-related
encephalitis,
complications
diabetes,
ischemia/reperfusion
injures
liver
kidneys.
In
these
pathological
conditions
decreased
organ
damage
dysfunction,
oxidative
nitrative
stress,
inflammatory
processes
apoptosis,
among
others.
Nevertheless,
further
clinical
research
needed
recommend
treatment
