Inferring the evolutionary history of the Sino-Himalayan biodiversity hotspot using a Bayesian birth–death skyline model

Geological Society London Special Publications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 549(1)

Published: April 17, 2024

The current status of the Sino-Himalayan region as a biodiversity hotspot, particularly for flora, has often been linked to uplift Sino-Tibetan Plateau and Himalayan Hengduan Mountains. However, relationship between topological development onset diversification is yet be confirmed. Here, we apply Bayesian phylodynamic methods large phylogeny angiosperm species from Sino-Himalayas infer changes in their rates evolution through time. We find strong evidence high Paleocene, late Miocene Pliocene, negative Quaternary driven by an increase extinction rates. Our analyses suggest that global palaeotemperatures are unlikely driving force these rate shifts. Instead, collision Indian continent with Eurasia coeval topographic change Sino-Himalayas, Grassland Expansion impact Pleistocene glaciations on this altitudinally variable may have also demonstrate influence choice times shape inferred piecewise-constant trajectories phylodynamics, advocate use prior information when making decision.

Language: Английский

---

Human‐associated genetic landscape of walnuts in the Himalaya: implications for conservation and utilization

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 30(4)

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

Abstract Aims A comprehensive understanding of the genetic variation walnuts ( Juglans regia and J. sigillata ) in Himalaya its potential drivers are essential for conservation sustainable utilization these plant resources. In this study, we aimed to uncover landscape better utilization, awareness, management extant resources vast Himalayan landscape. Location The biodiversity hotspot. Methods total 1410 wild or feral walnut trees from 65 populations across four countries were collected. diversity, population structure, hybridization gene flow thoroughly investigated based on chloroplast genome 31 nuclear microsatellite markers. patterns further explored. Results We detected three groups (JR1, JR2, JR3), one (JS) two hybrid types (JR1 × JS JR3 JS) Himalaya, with western identified as diversity hotspot . spatial pattern was significantly influenced by geographic climatic factors. Human‐mediated dispersal probably promoted introgression between , which reshaped Himalaya. Main Conclusions driven natural anthropogenic forces. Regarding conservation, eastern reservoir hence, pure individuals should be urgently protected frequent introgression. addition, propose coupled new breeding techniques that combine genomic phenotypic data.

Language: Английский

---

Evolutionary history ofPurple cone spruce (Picea purpurea) in theQinghai–TibetPlateau: homoploid hybrid origin andPleistocene expansion

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 23(2), P. 343 - 359

Published: Nov. 25, 2013

Abstract Hybridization and introgression can play an important role in speciation. Here, we examine their roles the origin evolution of P icea purpurea , a diploid spruce species occurring on Q inghai– T ibet lateau ( QTP ). Phylogenetic relationships ecological differences between this its relatives, . schrenkiana, likiangensis wilsonii, are unclear. To clarify them, surveyed sequence variation within them for 11 nuclear loci, three chloroplast (cp) two mitochondrial (mt) DNA fragments, examined requirements using niche modelling. Initial analyses based loci rejected close relationship schrenkiana BP & tests modelling indicated substantial divergence remaining supported status purpurea, which contained many private alleles as expected well‐established species. Sequence cp mt suggested wilsonii while at se1364 gene was more closely related to Analyses genetic divergence, Bayesian clustering model comparison approximate B ayesian computation ABC ) (nr) all hypothesis that originated by homoploid hybrid speciation from The analysis dated leistocene, estimated parameter 69% composition contributed 31% Our results further during or immediately following formation, subject organelle such it came possess both parameters origin, underwent expansion during/after largest leistocene glaciation recorded

Language: Английский

---

Pliocene intraspecific divergence and Plio‐Pleistocene range expansions within Picea likiangensis (Lijiang spruce), a dominant forest tree of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2013, Volume and Issue: 22(20), P. 5237 - 5255

Published: Oct. 1, 2013

Abstract A knowledge of intraspecific divergence and range dynamics dominant forest trees in response to past geological climate change is major importance an understanding their recent evolution demography. Such informative how forests were affected by environmental factors the may provide pointers future change. However, genetic signatures such historical events are often weak at individual loci due large effective population sizes long generation times trees. This problem can be overcome analysing variation across multiple loci. We used this approach examine conifer Picea likiangensis , a tree occurring eastern southern areas Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau ( QTP ). sequenced 13 nuclear loci, two mitochondrial DNA regions three plastid (chloroplast) 177 individuals sampled from 22 natural populations species, tested hypothesis that its evolutionary history was markedly Pliocene uplifts Quaternary climatic oscillations. Consistent with taxonomic delimitation morphologically divergent varieties examined, all clustered into groups intervariety admixture detected geographical overlap. Divergence between estimated have occurred within ecological niche modelling based on 20 variables suggested differentiation high. Furthermore, population‐genetic data indicated (var. rubescens var. linzhiensis ) expanded after largest glaciation while expansion third variety began prior this, probably following uplift. These findings point changes during Pleistocene as causes diversification shifts species biodiversity hot spot region.

Language: Английский

---

Phylogeography of Quercus aquifolioides provides novel insights into the Neogene history of a major global hotspot of plant diversity in south‐west China

Journal of Biogeography, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 294 - 307

Published: Aug. 1, 2016

Abstract Aim Hotspots of biodiversity are often associated with areas that have undergone orogenic activity during recent geological history. Mountain uplifts known to catalyse species radiation but their impact on evolutionarily stable taxa such as many trees remains little understood. The oak Quercus aquifolioides is endemic yet widely distributed across the Hengduanshan Biodiversity Hotspot in Eastern Himalayas. Here, we investigate how region's Neogene and Quaternary history has driven species' past population dynamics resulting extant patterns intraspecific diversity. Location SW China. Methods We sampled 58 populations throughout range genotyped a total 959 individuals at four chloroplast DNA fragments 11 nuclear microsatellite loci. Phylogenetic reconstructions, molecular dating techniques ancestral area reconstructions were used combination genetic statistics infer biogeographical Q. . phylogeographical study was complemented by survey fossil records niche modelling exercise. Results Combined evidence indicates descended late Miocene from central Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau into Tibet western Sichuan Plateau, there, highest endemism Hengduan Mountains sensu lato Great apparent stability haplotype ‘radiation’ this contrasted marked extinction–recolonization reduced diversity Tibet. found for extremely limited seed gene flow extensive pollen (global F ST : cp = 0.98, nSSR 0.07) signals asymmetric dispersal Main conclusion Our results provide insights unprecedented detail ancient Hotspot, suggesting environmental changes region may catalysed radiative diversifications within much same way among species.

Language: Английский

---

Adapting through glacial cycles: insights from a long‐lived tree (Taxus baccata)

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 208(3), P. 973 - 986

Published: June 11, 2015

Summary Despite the large body of research devoted to understanding role Quaternary glacial cycles in genetic divergence European trees, differential contribution geographic isolation and/or environmental adaptation creating population remains unexplored. In this study, we used a long‐lived tree ( Taxus baccata ) as model species investigate impact climatic changes on diversity via neutral (isolation‐by‐distance) and selective (isolation‐by‐adaptation) processes. We applied approximate Bayesian computation data infer its demographic history, combined information with past present assess environment geography observed patterns structure. found evidence that yew colonized Europe from East, samples diverged into two groups Western , Eastern at beginning glaciations, c . 2.2 Myr before present. Apart expected effects geographical during glacials, discovered significant interglacials origin between both groups. This process may be common other organisms, providing new lines explore effect factors present‐day diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Genetic consequences of Quaternary climatic oscillations in the Himalayas: Primula tibetica as a case study based on restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 213(3), P. 1500 - 1512

Published: Oct. 3, 2016

The effects of Quaternary climatic oscillations on the demography organisms vary across regions and continents. In taxa distributed in Europe North America, several paradigms regarding distribution refugia have been identified. By contrast, less is known about processes that shaped species' spatial genetic structure areas such as Himalayas, which considered a biodiversity hotspot. Here, we investigated phylogeographic population dynamics Primula tibetica by combining genomic phylogeography species models (SDMs). Genomic data were obtained for 293 samples P. using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RADseq). Ensemble SDMs carried out to predict potential present past ranges. Four distinct lineages Approximate Bayesian computation analyses showed each them experienced both expansions bottlenecks since their divergence, occurred during or glacial cycles. two at edges found be more vulnerable responded different ways changes. These results illustrate how changes affected demographic history Himalayan organisms. Our findings highlight significance approaches with environmental when evaluating

Language: Английский

---

Geophysical upheavals and evolutionary diversification of plant species in the Himalaya

PeerJ, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 6, P. e5919 - e5919

Published: Nov. 7, 2018

The Himalaya is one of the youngest and loftiest mountain chains world; it also referred to as water tower Asia. Himalayan region harbors nearly 10,000 plant species constituting approximately 2.5% global angiosperm diversity which over 4,000 are endemics. present-day flora consists an admixture immigrant taxa diversified last 40 million years. interesting questions about discussed here are: how did achieve high endemic starting with what were main drivers this diversity? This contribution aims answer these raise some more. We review analyze existing information from diverse areas earth climate sciences, palaeobiology phytogeography evolve a bio-chronological record divergence evolution in Himalaya. From analysis we infer effects major environmental upheavals on region. understanding developed following discussion based idea that experienced at least five phases geophysical upheavals, namely: (i) mega-collision between India Eurasian plates, (ii) tectonic uplift progressive landform elevation, (iii) onset southwest (SW) Indian monsoon, (iv) spurring arid conditions Central Asia, (v) cyclic cooling warming Quaternary. potentially disrupting for ecosystem stability had key role providing impetus biological diversification. produced new environments, ecological niches, imposed physical physiological isolation barriers, acted natural selection sieves led formation species. develop comprehensive biodiversity profile context complex, interconnected dynamic relationship system processes, diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Contrasting Floristic Diversity of the Hengduan Mountains, the Himalayas and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Sensu Stricto in China

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: May 15, 2020

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau sensu lato (QTP s.l.) harbors an exceptionally high biodiversity, especially at its southeastern margin: this area encompasses the Hengduan Mountains and eastern Himalayas, which have been listed as biodiversity hotspots. To contrary, plateau interior (namely stricto, QTP s.s.) is relatively species-poor because of particularly harsh climate. With contrasting geological histories environmental conditions Mountains, Himalayas s.s., it would be expected that floristic compositions diversity patterns these three regions differ between each other. compare regions, we assembled data on seed plant's distribution in based county-level mapping from published monographs online databases, then analyzed their features species (horizontal elevational). We found hosted most plant (8,439), expected. highest percentage shrub (22.88%) tree (9.80%) were whereas herbaceous (81.50%) more prominent s.s.. also had species-rich genera (10) with than 50% total China. Also, temperate dominated across a (77.61%) within Across s.l., gradually decreased part to northwest, plants distributed southern margin East Himalayas. Along elevational gradients, richness all demonstrated hump-shape curve, but elevation zone differed for type life-form regions. Our study sets base exploring origin evolution mountain taxa, well provides snapshot current distribution, will certainly modified by climate change.

Language: Английский

---

Allopatric divergence and hybridization withinCupressus chengiana(Cupressaceae), a threatened conifer in the northern Hengduan Mountains of western China

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 1250 - 1266

Published: March 9, 2020

Abstract Having a comprehensive understanding of population structure, genetic differentiation and demographic history is important for the conservation management threatened species. High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) provides exciting opportunities to address wide range factors genetics. Here, we generated HTS data identified 266,884 high‐quality single nucleotide polymorphisms from 82 individuals Cupressus chengiana , assess genomics across species' full range, comprising Daduhe River (DDH), Minjiang (MJR) Bailongjiang (BLJ) catchments in western China. admixture principal components analysis phylogenetic analyses indicated that each region contains distinct lineage, with high levels between them (DDH, MJR BLJ lineages). was newly distinguished compared previous surveys, evidence including coalescent simulations supported hybrid origin during Quaternary. Each these three lineages should be recognized as an evolutionarily significant unit (ESU), due isolation, differing adaptations different history. Currently, ESU faces threats, will require strategies. Our work shows genomic approaches using can reconstruct complex evolutionary species mountainous regions, hence inform efforts, contribute biodiversity mountains.

Language: Английский

---