Comparative Genomics of Different Lifestyle Fungi in Helotiales (Leotiomycetes) Reveals Temperature and Ecosystem Adaptations DOI Creative Commons
Daniel Vasconcelos Rissi,

Maham Ijaz,

Christiane Baschien

et al.

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 869 - 869

Published: Dec. 14, 2024

Helotiales, a diverse fungal order within Leotiomycetes (Ascomycota), comprises over 6000 species occupying varied ecological niches, from plant pathogens to saprobes and symbionts. Despite their importance, genetic adaptations temperature environmental conditions are understudied. This study investigates in infection genes substrate degradation through comparative genomics analysis of 129 Helotiales species, using the newly sequenced genomes Gyoerffyella rotula Anguillospora crassa. Key gene families such as cytochrome P450 enzymes, virulence factors, effector proteins, carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were analyzed understand roles lifestyle adaptations, uncovering possible alternative mechanisms. Our findings reveal that fungi possess associated with nutrient acquisition, pathogenicity, symbiotic relationships strongly adapted cold environments might be impacted by global warming. On other hand, some demonstrate potential for adaptation warmer climates, suggesting increased activity response reveals adaptive mechanisms enabling thrive both warm environments. These provide valuable insights into success evolutionary resilience, which may facilitate ability transition between pathogenic, symbiotic, saprobic phases changing conditions.

Language: Английский

Pyricularia oryzae: Lab star and field scourge DOI Creative Commons
Maël Baudin, Marie Le Naour—Vernet, Pierre Gladieux

et al.

Molecular Plant Pathology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(4)

Published: April 1, 2024

Abstract Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe ), is a filamentous ascomycete that causes major disease called blast on cereal crops, as well wide variety of wild and cultivated grasses. Blast diseases have tremendous impact worldwide particularly rice wheat, where the emerged in South America 1980s, before spreading to Asia Africa. Its economic importance, coupled with its amenability molecular genetic manipulation, inspired extensive research efforts aiming at understanding biology evolution. In past 40 years, this plant‐pathogenic fungus has model plant–microbe interactions. review, we focus clarification taxonomy structure species host range determinants. We also discuss recent studies deciphering lifecycle. Taxonomy Kingdom: Fungi , phylum: Ascomycota sub‐phylum: Pezizomycotina class: Sordariomycetes order: Magnaporthales family: Pyriculariaceae genus: Pyricularia. Host P. ability infect Poaceae . It structured into different host‐specialized lineages are each associated few plant genera. The best known cause damage but it can attack other economically important crops such maize, barley, finger millet. Disease symptoms necrotic lesions or bleaching all aerial parts plants, including leaf blades, sheaths, inflorescences (panicles, spikes, seeds). Characteristic leaves diamond‐shaped silver often brown margin whose appearance influenced by numerous factors genotype environmental conditions. USEFUL WEBSITES Resources URL Genomic data repositories http://genome.jouy.inra.fr/gemo/ http://openriceblast.org/ http://openwheatblast.net/ Genome browser for fungi (including ) http://fungi.ensembl.org/index.html Comparative genomics database https://mycocosm.jgi.doe.gov/mycocosm/home T‐DNA mutant http://atmt.snu.kr/ http://www.phi‐base.org/ SNP expression https://fungidb.org/fungidb/app/

Language: Английский

Citations

14
The blast effector Pwl2 is a virulence factor that modifies the cellular localisation of host protein HIPP43 to suppress immunity DOI Creative Commons
Vincent Were, Yan Xia, Andrew J. Foster

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Abstract The rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae secretes a battery of effector proteins to facilitate host infection. Among these effectors, Pwl2 was first identified as specificity determinant for infection weeping lovegrass ( Eragrostis curvula ) and is also recognised by the barley Mla3 resistance gene. However, its biological activity not known. Here we show that PWL2 expression regulated Pmk1 MAP kinase during cell-to-cell movement M. at plasmodesmata (PD)-containing pit field sites. Consistent with regulation, provide evidence binds heavy metal-binding isoprenylated protein HIPP43, which results in displacement from plasmodesmata. Transgenic lines overexpressing either or HIPP43 exhibit attenuated immune responses increased disease susceptibility. By contrast, SNDEYWY mutant does interact fails alter PD localisation HIPP43. Targeted deletion three copies Δpwl2 showing gain-of-virulence lines, but reduction severity on susceptible plants. Taken together, our virulence factor acts suppressing immunity through perturbing plasmodesmatal deployment

Language: Английский

Citations

7
Reduction of flavonoid content in honeysuckle via Erysiphe lonicerae-mediated inhibition of three essential genes in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways DOI Creative Commons
Mian Zhang, Mingjie Zhang, Qiaoqiao Xiao

et al.

Frontiers in Plant Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: April 16, 2024

Honeysuckle, valued for its wide-ranging uses in medicine, cuisine, and aesthetics, faces a significant challenge cultivation due to powdery mildew, primarily caused by the Erysiphe lonicerae pathogen. The interaction between honeysuckle E. , especially concerning disease progression, remains insufficiently understood. Our study, conducted three different locations, found that naturally infected with showed notable decreases total flavonoid content, reductions of 34.7%, 53.5%, 53.8% observed each respective site. Controlled experiments supported these findings, indicating artificial inoculation led 20.9% reduction levels over 21 days, worsening 54.8% decrease day 42. Additionally, there was drop plant’s antioxidant capacity, reaching an 81.7% 56 days after inoculation. Metabolomic analysis also revealed substantial essential medicinal components such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin, quercetin, isoquercetin, rutin. Investigating gene expression marked relative LjPAL1 gene, starting early 7 post-inoculation falling minimal level (fold change = 0.29) 35. This trend mirrored consistent phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity through entire process, which decreased 72.3% 56. Further sustained repression downstream genes LjFNHO1 LjFNGT1 closely linked . We identified mechanism inhibits this pathway suggest may strategically weaken honeysuckle’s resistance targeting key biosynthetic pathways, thereby facilitating further pathogen invasion. Based on our we recommend two primary strategies: first, monitoring constituent from -affected areas ensure therapeutic effectiveness; second, emphasizing prevention control measures against mildew persistent decline crucial active compounds.

Language: Английский

Citations

4
Emerging roles of RNA modifications in the rice blast fungus DOI
Yanjun Kou, Naweed I. Naqvi, Tao Zeng

et al.

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Dynamic Gene-for-Gene Interactions Undermine Durable Resistance DOI Creative Commons
Barbara Valent

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 24, 2025

Harold Flor's gene-for-gene model explained boom–bust cycles in which resistance ( R) genes are deployed farmers’ fields, only to have pathogens overcome by modifying or losing corresponding active avirulence AVR) genes. Flor understood that host R with low rates of virulence mutation the pathogen should maintain for longer periods time. This review focuses on AVR gene dynamics haploid Ascomycete fungus Pyricularia oryzae, causes rice blast disease, a system complex race structure and very rapid cycle due high mutation. Highly mutable often characterized deletion movement new chromosomal locations, implying loss/regain mechanism response deployment. Beyond blast, recent emergence two serious diseases wheat Lolium ryegrasses highlighted role act at genus level serve as infection barriers separate genus-specialized P. oryzae subpopulations. Wheat ryegrass apparently evolved through sexual crosses involving fungal individuals from five host-adapted subpopulations, jump enabled introduction alleles key host-specificity Despite identification AVR/ interactions operating specificity level, paucity effective identified thus far limits control disease. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2025 The Author(s). is an open access article distributed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Recycling of Trans‐Golgi SNAREs Promotes Apoplastic Effector Secretion for Effective Host Invasion in Magnaporthe oryzae DOI
Lili Lin,

Qiuqiu Wu,

Shuang Wang

et al.

Plant Cell & Environment, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 29, 2025

ABSTRACT Vesicle transport is crucial for pathogenic fungi, but the mechanisms that control secretion of effector proteins are not yet fully understood. Here, we have uncovered a novel pathway in which retromer and trans‐Golgi (TGN) SNARE co‐regulate proper apoplastic effectors Magnaporthe oryzae . It was found TGN‐associated complex, consisting MoSnc1, MoTlg1, MoTlg2 MoVti1, critical growth, development pathogenicity fungus. In addition, complex indispensable effectors. Furthermore, dynamin‐like protein MoVps1, an upstream regulator regulates fission MoVps35‐coated vesicles localisation complex. Additionally, treatment with perphenazine, potent dynamin inhibitor, perturbs fungal developmental similar to MoVPS1 disruption, highlighting central regulatory role M. suggesting potential efficacy management rice blast. Taken together, study specific mechanism by MoVps1 positioning effectively promote secretion. This widens our horizon on phytopathogenic fungi underscores importance vesicle pathogenesis.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
A novel genome-wide association approach reveals wheat pathogen genes involved in host specialization DOI Creative Commons
Cécile Lorrain, Alice Feurtey, Julien Alassimone

et al.

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: June 4, 2024

Abstract Plant-pathogenic microbes, including the wheat fungal pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici, adapt to their host environment. In plants, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been extensively used uncover complexity of local adaptation and disease resistance. However, application GWAS decipher mechanisms underlying pathogenicity trails far behind. Here, we established a genome-host (GHA) approach infer statistical associations between allele frequencies origin for 832 strains isolated from twelve different cultivars during natural field epidemic. We identified two twenty genes associated with specialization cultivars, one known effector gene that provided proof-of-concept our GHA approach, as well new virulence-related validated targeted knockouts. Our study highlights polygenic genetic architecture provides novel in plant pathogens transcends limitations imposed by traditional phenotyping methods.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
A Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Effector with DPBB Domain Suppresses Wheat Defense DOI Creative Commons

Raheel Asghar,

Yu Cheng, Nan Wu

et al.

Plants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 435 - 435

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a primary crop globally. Among the numerous pathogens affecting wheat production, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) significant biotic stress agent and poses major threat to world food security by causing stripe rust or yellow disease. Understanding molecular basis of plant–pathogen interactions crucial for developing new means disease management. It well established that effector proteins play pivotal role in pathogenesis. Therefore, studying has become an important area research plant biology. Our previous work identified differentially expressed candidate secretory based on transcriptome sequencing data from susceptible (Avocet S) resistant YR10) infected with Pst. secreted proteins, PSTG_14090 contained ancient double-psi beta-barrel (DPBB) fold, which conserved rare lipoprotein A (RlpA) superfamily. This study investigated immune responses, encodes protein, here referred as Pst-DPBB, having 131 amino acids predicted signal peptide (SP) 19 at N-terminal end, DNA sequence this highly among different races. qRT-PCR analysis indicated expression levels are upregulated during early stages infection. Subcellular localization studies Nicotiana benthamiana leaves protoplasts revealed it distributed cytoplasm, nucleus, apoplast. We demonstrated Pst-DPBB negatively regulates response functioning various compartments cells. Based Co-IP structural predictions putative interaction analyses AlphaFold 3, we propose probable biological function(s). behaves papain inhibitor cysteine protease; high homology kiwellin, known interact chorismate mutase, suggesting inhibits native function host mutase involved salicylic acid synthesis. The DPBB fold also RNA, may suggest its possible regulating gene expression.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Magnaporthe oryzae effector MoBys1 suppresses rice immunity by targeting OsCAD2 to manipulate host jasmonate and lignin metabolism DOI Open Access
Chengyu Liu, Libo Han,

Yanhong Wen

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 13, 2025

Summary Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae poses a severe threat to rice production. To counteract M. , plants synthesize jasmonate (JA) and lignin, two primary defense‐related metabolites, initiate defense programs. However, the mechanism through which modulates JA‐ lignin‐mediated plant immunity remains unclear. In this study, novel effector, MoBys1, was identified as being involved in pathogenesis. Knockout of MoBys1 significantly reduced its infection ability. Conversely, overexpression impaired response. localizes cytoplasm nucleus interacts with cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (OsCAD2), an enzyme that catalyzes lignin biosynthesis. While OsCAD2 mutants exhibited weakened defenses, lines demonstrated enhanced resistance, highlighting critical role resistance. Furthermore, functions transcription factor regulating wide range biological processes, including JA signaling pathways. The interaction between promotes degradation, leading accumulation. These findings uncover counter‐defense employs effector degrade suppress host metabolite accumulation during infection.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Outsmarted by fungi DOI
Caroline Gutjahr

Science, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 387(6737), P. 927 - 928

Published: Feb. 27, 2025

A fungal pathogen fabricates phosphate starvation in plant cells to promote virulence

Language: Английский

Citations

0