Intragenomic variants of a putative effector drive early-stage infection in a broad host-range rust fungus DOI Open Access
Rebecca M. Degnan, Anne Sawyer, Donald M. Gardiner

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Rust fungi are pathogens that impact plants of environmental, agricultural, cultural, and economic importance. Their mechanisms pathogenicity not well-understood but likely governed by effectors, secreted proteins manipulate host cellular processes to facilitate infection suppress immune responses. We sought understand how three effector candidates (EFC1, EFC2, EFC3) expressed in the first stages Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) influence pathogenicity. experimentally tested gene function through application double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) characterised genomic landscape putative effectors during assess whether needed for infection, they under selection pressure. One screened candidates, EFC1, met our criteria an it was predicted be secreted, cause maintain infection. identified this belongs a family intragenomic variants tandem repeats flanked transposable elements. Single nucleotide polymorphisms among these have signatures non-neutral selection. This has structural homology glycosaminoglycan-binding domain may role pectin or chitin-binding. hypothesise variability genes facilitates host-range versatility A. psidii-Myrtaceae pathosystem.

Language: Английский

Pooled effector library screening in protoplasts rapidly identifies novel Avr genes DOI Creative Commons
Taj Arndell, Jian Chen, Jana Sperschneider

et al.

Nature Plants, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 572 - 580

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Crop breeding for durable disease resistance is challenging due to the rapid evolution of pathogen virulence. While progress in (R) gene cloning and stacking has accelerated recent years

Language: Английский

Citations

15
Structure‐guided insights into the biology of fungal effectors DOI Creative Commons
Marie Le Naour—Vernet, Mounia Lahfa, Josephine H. R. Maidment

et al.

New Phytologist, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 25, 2025

Phytopathogenic fungi cause enormous yield losses in many crops, threatening both agricultural production and global food security. To infect plants, they secrete effectors targeting various cellular processes the host. Putative effector genes are numerous fungal genomes, generally encode proteins with no sequence homology to each other or known domains. Recent studies have elucidated predicted three-dimensional structures of from a wide diversity plant pathogenic fungi, revealing limited number conserved folds. Effectors very diverse amino acid sequences can thereby be grouped into families based on structural homology. Some different some expanded specific taxa. Here, we describe features these discuss recent advances predicting new families. We highlight contribution analyses deepen our understanding function evolution effectors. also prospects offered by modeling for studying virulence targets plants.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Computational studies reveal structural characterization and novel families of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effectors DOI Creative Commons

Raheel Asghar,

Nan Wu,

Noman Ali

et al.

PLoS Computational Biology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 21(3), P. e1012503 - e1012503

Published: March 28, 2025

Understanding the biological functions of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici ( Pst ) effectors is fundamental for uncovering mechanisms pathogenicity and variability, thereby paving way developing durable effective control strategies stripe rust. However, due to lack an efficient genetic transformation system in , progress effector function studies has been slow. Here, we modeled structures 15,201 from twelve races or isolates, a isolate, one hordei isolate using AlphaFold2. Of these, 8,102 folds were successfully predicted, performed sequence- structure-based annotations these effectors. These classified into 410 structure clusters 1,005 sequence clusters. Sequence lengths varied widely, with concentration between 101-250 amino acids, motif analysis revealed that 47% 5.81% predicted contain known motifs [Y/F/W]xC RxLR, respectively highlighting structural conservation across substantial portion Subcellular localization predictions indicated predominant cytoplasmic localization, notable chloroplast nuclear presence. Structure-guided significantly enhances prediction efficiency as demonstrated by 75% among have annotation. The clustering annotation both based on homologies allowed us determine adopted folding fold families A common feature observed was formation different sequences. In our study, comparative analyses new family core four helices, including Pst27791, PstGSRE4, PstSIE1, which target key wheat immune pathway proteins, impacting host functions. Further showed similarities other pathogens, such AvrSr35, AvrSr50, Zt-KP4-1, MoHrip2, possibility convergent evolutionary strategies, yet be supported further data encompassing some evolutionarily distant species. Currently, initial most effectors’ sequence, relationships providing novel foundation advance future understanding evolution.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
MetalNet2: an enhanced server for predicting metal-binding sites in proteomes DOI Creative Commons
Feng Zhang, Yao Cheng,

Boxin Xue

et al.

National Science Review, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(12)

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Intragenomic variants of a putative effector drive early-stage infection in a broad host-range rust fungus DOI Open Access
Rebecca M. Degnan, Anne Sawyer, Donald M. Gardiner

et al.

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 30, 2024

Rust fungi are pathogens that impact plants of environmental, agricultural, cultural, and economic importance. Their mechanisms pathogenicity not well-understood but likely governed by effectors, secreted proteins manipulate host cellular processes to facilitate infection suppress immune responses. We sought understand how three effector candidates (EFC1, EFC2, EFC3) expressed in the first stages Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) influence pathogenicity. experimentally tested gene function through application double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) characterised genomic landscape putative effectors during assess whether needed for infection, they under selection pressure. One screened candidates, EFC1, met our criteria an it was predicted be secreted, cause maintain infection. identified this belongs a family intragenomic variants tandem repeats flanked transposable elements. Single nucleotide polymorphisms among these have signatures non-neutral selection. This has structural homology glycosaminoglycan-binding domain may role pectin or chitin-binding. hypothesise variability genes facilitates host-range versatility A. psidii-Myrtaceae pathosystem.

Language: Английский

Citations

1