Plant Biochemistry in the Era of Omics: Integrated Omics Approaches to Unravel the Genetic Basis of Plant Stress Tolerance

Plant Breeding, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 19, 2025

ABSTRACT The challenge of feeding the world's growing population is impaired by declining arable land, water quality and erratic weather patterns due to climate change. Abiotic stresses such as drought, heat, salinity cold disrupt plant growth, reducing crop yields quality. Modern biotechnological tools including high‐throughput sequencing bioinformatics have enabled characterization stress responses through advanced “omics” technologies. Genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics epigenomics describe molecular mechanisms underlying tolerance. Integrating multi‐omics approaches provides a deeper understanding these mechanisms, addressing limitations single‐omics studies. combination data (genomics, proteomics metabolomics) identifies important biomarkers, regulatory networks genetic targets that enhance resilience. This information regarding plants crucial for genome‐assisted breeding (GAB) improve traits development climate‐resilient crops withstand environmental challenges. Therefore, researchers use pipelines productive crops, tolerance, solving global food security challenges caused change stressors. review discusses role omics technologies in describing explores how this applied resilience productivity, which leads improved crops. application combining develop next‐generation are capable thriving under adverse conditions, ensuring reliable safe supply future conditions.

Language: Английский

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Progress and innovations of gene cloning in wheat and its close relatives

Theoretical and Applied Genetics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 138(5)

Published: April 29, 2025

Abstract Key message Wheat and its close relatives have large complex genomes, making gene cloning difficult. Nevertheless, developments in genomics over the past decade made it more feasible. The genomes of cereals, especially bread wheat, always been a challenge for mapping cloning. recent advances led to significant progress this field. Currently, high-quality reference sequences are available major wheat species their relatives. New high-throughput genotyping platforms next-generation sequencing technologies combined with genome complexity reduction techniques mutagenesis opened new avenues In review, we provide comprehensive overview genes cloned so far discuss strategies used these genes. We highlight advantages drawbacks individual approaches show how particular genomic contributed A wide range resources increase number successful projects decade, demonstrating that is now feasible perform rapid agronomically important genes, even as wheat.

Language: Английский

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Septoria tritici blotch resistance geneStb15encodes a lectin receptor-like kinase

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Abstract Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the Dothideomycete fungus Zymoseptoria , is of one most damaging diseases bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) 1 and target costly fungicide applications 2 . In line with fungus’ apoplastic lifestyle, STB resistance genes isolated to date encode receptor-like kinases (RLKs) including a wall-associated kinase Stb6 cysteine-rich Stb16q 3,4 Here, we used genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on panel 300 whole-genome shotgun-sequenced diverse landraces (WatSeq consortium) identify 99 kb region containing six candidates for Stb15 gene. Mutagenesis transgenesis confirmed gene encoding an intronless G-type lectin RLK (LecRK) as The characterisation exemplifies unexpected diversity RLKs conferring Z. in wheat.

Language: Английский

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Aegilops tauschii presents a genetic roadmap for hexaploid wheat improvement

Trends in Genetics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 38(4), P. 307 - 309

Published: Feb. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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All families of transposable elements were active in the recent wheat genome evolution and polyploidy had no impact on their activity

The Plant Genome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(3)

Published: May 26, 2023

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major crop and its genome one of the largest ever assembled at reference-quality level. It 15 Gb, hexaploid, with 85% transposable elements (TEs). Wheat genetic diversity was mainly focused on genes little known about extent genomic variability affecting TEs, transposition rate, impact polyploidy. Multiple chromosome-scale assemblies are now available for bread tetraploid diploid wild relatives. In this study, we computed base pair-resolved, gene-anchored, whole alignments A, B, D lineages different ploidy levels in order to estimate that affects TE space. We used genomes 13 T. cultivars (6x = AABBDD) single Triticum durum (4x AABB), dicoccoides urartu (2x AA), Aegilops tauschii DD). show 5%-34% fraction variable, depending species divergence. Between 400 13,000 novel insertions per subgenome were detected. found lineage-specific nearly all families di-, tetra-, hexaploids. No burst observed polyploidization did not trigger any boost transposition. This study challenges prevailing idea dynamics more agreement an equilibrium model evolution.

Language: Английский

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