Earth beyond six of nine planetary boundaries

Science Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(37)

Published: Sept. 13, 2023

This planetary boundaries framework update finds that six of the nine are transgressed, suggesting Earth is now well outside safe operating space for humanity. Ocean acidification close to being breached, while aerosol loading regionally exceeds boundary. Stratospheric ozone levels have slightly recovered. The transgression level has increased all earlier identified as overstepped. As primary production drives system biosphere functions, human appropriation net proposed a control variable functional integrity. boundary also transgressed. modeling different climate and land change illustrates these anthropogenic impacts on must be considered in systemic context.

Language: Английский

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Consumer acceptance of novel sustainable food technologies: A multi-country survey

Journal of Cleaner Production, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 408, P. 137119 - 137119

Published: April 12, 2023

Efforts to reduce the environmental burden of agri-food systems have fostered technological advances enable a transition towards more sustainable production and diets. Such is only possible if consumers are willing accept foods produced using novel technologies. Previous research on consumer acceptance has generally focused individual technologies in isolation, rendering comparisons across studies difficult, mostly considered average without devoting attention differences among consumers. Additionally, available data overwhelmingly pertained European North American consumers, whereas much less known about perception non-Western countries. Against this backdrop, study examined wide range novel, food four countries (Australia, India, Singapore, USA, N = 2494 total) survey methodology. For each technology, willingness-to-consume (WTC, operationalized as expected frequency consumption), emotional associations, situational appropriateness responses were collected. All measures revealed major technologies, identifying three groups: 1) with high comprising vegetables from urban farming packaged modified atmosphere; 2) medium fish reared aquaponics systems, plant-based alternatives meat dairy, gene-editing; 3) low insect ingredients, cell-cultured fish. Technologies group perceived healthier apt move one's diet direction, had issues associating specific benefits accepted Cross-cultural identified. Most notably, Indian responded positively all especially compared US Australia. Finally, pan-national segments identified based their overall patterns The varied primarily terms baseline WTC (low, medium, high), indicating that tended or reject regardless nature. segment characterized by included fifth showing for most ranged moderate outright rejection. Collectively, findings suggest consumers' general skepticism regarding domain remains significant challenge achieving

Language: Английский

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Energy Flow Through Marine Ecosystems: Confronting Transfer Efficiency

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(1), P. 76 - 86

Published: Oct. 20, 2020

Language: Английский

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GAPeDNA: Assessing and mapping global species gaps in genetic databases for eDNA metabarcoding

Diversity and Distributions, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 27(10), P. 1880 - 1892

Published: March 17, 2021

Abstract Aim Environmental DNA metabarcoding has recently emerged as a non‐invasive tool for aquatic biodiversity inventories, frequently surpassing traditional methods detecting wide range of taxa in most habitats. The major limitation currently impairing the large‐scale application eDNA‐based inventories is lack species sequences available public genetic databases. Unfortunately, these gaps are still unknown spatially and taxonomically, hindering targeted future sequencing efforts. Innovation We propose GAPeDNA, user‐friendly web interface that provides global overview database completeness given taxon across space conservation status. As an application, we synthetized data from regional checklists marine freshwater fishes along with their IUCN status to provide maps coverage using European Nucleotide Archive reference 19 primers. This automatizes scanning databases guide efforts support deployment eDNA at larger scale. flexible can be expanded other primers upon availability. Main conclusions Using our fish case study, show increase towards tropics where diversity number threatened highest. It highlights priority areas like Congo, Mekong Mississippi basins which host more than 60 non‐sequenced species. For fishes, Caribbean East Africa up 42 By presenting several on any building open‐access, updatable tool, GAPeDNA appears valuable contribution kind study.

Language: Английский

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Scientists' warning to humanity on illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade

Biological Conservation, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 263, P. 109341 - 109341

Published: Oct. 8, 2021

Illegal or unsustainable wildlife trade is growing at a global level, threatening the traded species and coexisting biota, promoting spread of invasive species. From loss ecosystem services to diseases transmitted from humans, connections with major organized crime networks disruption local economies, its ramifications are pervading our daily lives perniciously affecting well-being. Here we build on manifesto 'World Scientists' Warning Humanity, issued by Alliance World Scientists. As group researchers deeply concerned about consequences illegal trade, review highlight how these can negatively impact species, ecosystems, society. We appeal for urgent action close key knowledge gaps regulate more stringently.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Global Ecological Modeling Capabilities to Simulate Future Trajectories of Change in Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Oct. 16, 2020

Considerable effort is being deployed to predict the impacts of climate change and anthropogenic activities on ocean's biophysical environment, biodiversity, natural resources better understand how marine ecosystems provided services humans are likely explore alternative pathways options. We present an updated version EcoOcean (v2), a spatial-temporal ecosystem modelling complex global ocean that spans food-web dynamics from primary producers top predators. Advancements include enhanced ability reproduce by linking species productivity, distributions, trophic interactions worldwide fisheries. The platform used simulate past future scenarios change, where we quantify configurations ecological model, responses climate-change scenarios, additional fishing. Climate-change obtained two Earth-System Models (ESMs, GFDL-ESM2M IPSL-CMA5-LR) contrasting emission (RCPs 2.6 8.5) for historical (1950-2005) (2006-2100) periods. Standardized indicators biomasses selected groups compare simulations. Results show trajectories sensitive EcoOcean, yield moderate differences when looking at larger groups. Ecological also environmental drivers ESM outputs RCPs, spatial variability more severe changes IPSL RCP 8.5 used. Under non-fishing configuration, organisms decreasing trends, while smaller mixed or increasing results. Fishing intensifies negative effects predicted again stronger under 8.5, which results in biomass declines already losing dampened positive those increasing. Several win become losers combined impacts, only few (small benthopelagic fish cephalopods) projected cumulative impacts. v2 can contribute quantification impact assessments multiple stressors plausible ocean-based solutions prevent, mitigate adapt change.

Language: Английский

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Changing how we approach fisheries: A first attempt at an operational framework for ecosystem approaches to fisheries management

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(2), P. 393 - 434

Published: Jan. 22, 2020

Abstract The increasing need to account for the many factors that influence fish population dynamics, particularly those external population, has led repeated calls an ecosystem approach fisheries management (EAFM). Yet systematically and clearly addressing these factors, hence implementing EAFM, suffered from a lack of clear operational guidance. Here, we propose 13 main (shift in location, migration route or timing, overfishing (three types), decrease physiology, increase predation, competition, prey availability, disease parasites decline habitat quality quantity) can negatively populations via mechanisms readily observable ~20 features. Using features as part diagnostic framework, develop flow charts link probable mechanism(s) underlying change most judicious actions. We then apply framework example case studies have well‐known documented dynamics. To our knowledge, this is first attempt provide defined matrix all responses common influencing populations, examine possible diagnostics simultaneously, comparatively relatively elucidate responsible. aims operationalize thereby not only better diagnosing but also suggesting appropriate interventions, ultimately leading improved fisheries. assert proposed should result both use limited analytical observational resources more tailored effective

Language: Английский

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The Decline and Impending Collapse of the Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Population in the North Atlantic Ocean: A Review of Possible Causes

Reviews in Fisheries Science & Aquaculture, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 30(2), P. 215 - 258

Published: July 1, 2021

Adult returns to many Atlantic salmon wild and hatchery stocks of the North have declined or collapsed since 1985. Enhancement, commercial fishery closures, angling restrictions failed halt decline. Human impacts such as dams, pollution marine overexploitation were responsible for some stock declines in past, but adult river with no obvious local also Multiple studies postulated that recent widespread occurrence low may be caused by climate change, farming, food availability at sea, predators these possibilities are unsupported persist near historic levels, loss remote from farm sites, a diverse prey field, scarcity large offshore predators. The decline collapse has common characteristics: 1) cyclic annual cease, 2) flatline, 3) mean size declines, 4) collapses occurred earliest among watersheds distant Sub-polar Gyre (NASpG). Cyclic all past not impacted anthropogenic changes their natal streams. A flatline abundance reduction characteristics overexploited fish suggest illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fisheries exploitation sea. Distance NASpG causing higher mortality migrating post-smolts would increase potential IUU exploitation. By-catch adults paired-trawl off Europe intercept Greenland, Gulf St. Lawrence, been sources seem unlikely primary cause Distribution time space former, legal high-sea indicated fishers well acquainted ocean migratory pattern combined lack surveillance 1985 outside Exclusive Economic Zones northern regions high at-sea occurs because fisheries. problem is acute, numerous desired species worldwide, probably linked impending population.

Language: Английский

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Opportunities to improve ecosystem‐based fisheries management by recognizing and overcoming path dependency and cognitive bias

Fish and Fisheries, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(2), P. 428 - 448

Published: Feb. 16, 2021

Abstract The rate of change in marine ecosystems and the speed with which pressure on those systems is escalating are much faster than rates institutional or management responses. continued promulgation a century‐old approach (i.e., single species maximum sustainable yield), despite decades scientific warnings regarding its flaws, highlights how fisheries science can be constrained by path dependency psychological traps. Major disruptions to functioning created climate SARS‐CoV‐2 (COVID‐19) present an opportunity take step back introduce alternative approaches more appropriate extant conditions majority global fisheries. This reset point, combination proliferation cheaper technological options, provides for emerging economies reach position without retracing steps, holding assumptions behind applied regions such as Europe, North America Australia.

Language: Английский

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Effects of Nutrient Management Scenarios on Marine Food Webs: A Pan-European Assessment in Support of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 8

Published: March 23, 2021

Eutrophication is one of the most important anthropogenic pressures impacting coastal seas. In Europe, several legislations and management measures have been implemented to halt nutrient overloading in marine ecosystems. This study evaluates impact freshwater control on higher trophic levels (HTL) European ecosystems following descriptors criteria as defined by Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). We used a novel pan-European modeling ensemble fourteen HTL models, covering almost all EU seas, under two scenarios. Results from our projections suggest that proposed reduction may not significant structure function Among assessed criteria, spawning stock biomass commercially fish stocks small pelagic fishes would be impacted, albeit with values lower than 2.5%. For other criteria/indicators, such species diversity level indicators, was lower. The Black Sea North-East Atlantic were negatively impacted regions, while Baltic only region showing signs improvement. Coastal shelf areas more sensitive environmental changes large regional sub-regional also include open first multi-model comparison assess impacts land-based through set selected ecological indicators. Since are expanding apace environment policy makers need use rapid effective for fast-changing environments, this framework an essential asset supporting guiding needs decisions.

Language: Английский

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