Barcode 100K Specimens: In a Single Nanopore Run

Molecular Ecology Resources, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

It is a global priority to better manage the biosphere, but action must be informed by comprehensive data on abundance and distribution of species. The acquisition such information currently constrained high costs. DNA barcoding can speed registration unknown animal species, most diverse kingdom eukaryotes, as BIN system automates their recognition. However, inexpensive sequencing protocols are critical census all species likely require analysis billion or more specimens. Barcoding involves extraction followed PCR with last step dominating costs until 2017. By enabling highly multiplexed samples, Sequel platforms from Pacific BioSciences slashed 90%, these instruments only deployed in core facilities because expense. Sequencers Oxford Nanopore Technologies provide an escape capital service costs, low sequence fidelity has, recently, adoption. improved performance its latest flow cells (R10.4.1) erases this barrier. This study demonstrates that MinION cell characterise amplicon pool derived 100,000 specimens while Flongle process one several thousand. At $0.01 per specimen, now least expensive barcode workflow.

Language: Английский

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Combining new technology with classic taxonomy to overcome hurdles to discovering dark taxa

Systematics and Biodiversity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 31, 2025

With numerous perils threatening biodiversity, we must remember that most of the basic units biodiversity—species—remain unknown and therefore difficult to assess. Hordes new species continue be discovered described every year. As each requires extensive work, completing description Earth's biota could require millennia, leaving many wanting automate process via genetic barcoding artificial intelligence. Over time, lesser-known groups species, referred as 'dark taxa', will occupy an increasing proportion awaiting description. dark taxa have few barcodes or images for matching algorithms, however, I propose integrating traditional taxonomy into automated workflows by linking data verified specimens using classic taxonomic keys decision trees identifying images. The roles intelligence would thus limited until can build databases specimens. This strategy vital their scientific names so signify undiscovered which is lacking in current methods.

Language: Английский

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Biodiversity restated: > 99.9% of global species in Soil Biota

ZooKeys, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 1224, P. 283 - 316

Published: Feb. 3, 2025

More than a decade of research led to the conclusion in 2022 that Soil Biome is home ~ 2.1 × 10 24 taxa and thus supports > 99.9% global species biodiversity, mostly Bacteria or other microbes, based upon topographic field data. A subsequent 2023 report tabulated central value just 1.04 claiming soils had 59 ± 15%, i.e., 44–74% (or truly 10–50%?) total, while incidentally confirming upper values 90% for soil Bacteria. Incompatibility these two studies reviewed, supporting prior biodiversity data with vast majority inhabiting soils, despite excluding viruses (now 5 31 virions 26 most, 80%, soils). The status Oligochaeta (earthworms) marked “?” paper are clarified. Although biota totals increased considerably, inordinate threats topsoil erosion poisoning yet pertain finality extinction. Species affected include Keystone taxa, especially earthworms essential healthy foundation sustain Tree-of-Life Earth.

Language: Английский

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Guests on Earth, An introduction to sustainability in hospitality

Goodfellow Publishers eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

This book is entitled Sustainable Value Creation in Hospitality, Guests on Earth, and you are probably wondering what exactly these words imply. In this introduction we briefly explain mean by hospitality sustainability. We also clarify why believe that sustainability matters to hospitality, all those who work fascinating sector should behave like ‘guests Earth’. Hospitality generally understood be the art of making people feel welcome. demonstrated private settings, as when invite a friend dine with us; social relate foreigners, commercial settings (Lashley, 2000). Restaurants, cafes, caterers, hotels other forms accommodation such offered Airbnb, part hospitality. focuses specifically and, within setting, accommodation, even though several its chapters will prove useful food beverage sector, including restaurants, cafes caterers. Before addressing it important for engage therefore wishing join or already working I would add hope interesting professionals broader tourism industry at least three reasons. First, because discusses themes transportation immediate interest general. Second, accommodations essential components any package, thus getting know their operations better may professionals. And third, so-called multiplier effect hotels, quite unique capacity generate returns area not only hotel premises itself. Take, example, labour goods, furniture, needed hotel. If goods sourced locally paid fairly, have positive socio-economic community surrounding A vibrant community, turn, attractive from perspective. Therefore, respect, developers

Language: Английский

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This is the way the world ends; not with a bang but a whimper: Estimating the number and ongoing rate of extinctions of Australian non-marine invertebrates

Cambridge Prisms Extinction, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Biodiversity is in rapid decline, but the extent of loss not well resolved for poorly known groups. We estimate number extinctions Australian non-marine invertebrates since European colonisation continent. Our analyses use a range approaches, incorporate stated uncertainties and recognise explicit caveats. plausible bounds species, two approaches estimating extinction rate, Monte Carlo simulations to select combinations projected distributions from these variables. conclude that 9,111 (plausible 1,465 56,828) species have become extinct over this 236-year period. These estimates dwarf formally recognised (10 species) single invertebrate listed as under legislation. predict 39–148 will 2024. This inconsistent with recent pledge by government prevent all extinctions. high rate largely consequence pervasive taxonomic biases community concern conservation investment. Those characteristics also make it challenging reduce loss, there uncertainty about which are at most risk. outline responses likelihood further

Language: Английский

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Questioning the sixth mass extinction

Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The idea that Earth is currently experiencing a sixth mass extinction widespread. We critically evaluate this claim. Very few studies have tested idea. Some showed recent rates are faster than fossil background rates, but can exceed outside extinctions. Other extrapolated from extinctions to project 75% global species loss. But these were mostly of island species. No cause was specified for future extinctions, and >50% assessed considered non-threatened. find numerous other issues. Proponents the made invaluable contributions by highlighting may not be equivalent past or relevant current threats.

Language: Английский

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Harnessing 3D microarchitecture of pterosaur bone using multi-scale X-ray CT for aerospace material design

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Substantial unrealised global biodiversity of continental microcrustaceans

Journal of Plankton Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 46(3), P. 338 - 347

Published: May 1, 2024

Abstract Freshwater ecosystems provide essential services for human well-being, with their conservation success reliant on the precise quantification of biodiversity. Diplostraca (= Cladocera) and Copepoda are diverse groups microcrustaceans in aquatic ecosystems, important a multitude these services. We examined biodiversity trends groups, utilizing comprehensive dataset, approximately 2341 studies, spanning from early 19th Century to present day, aiming at predicting total number microcrustacean species that will have been described by 2100. Descriptions increased until 1900s, surged, then declined after 1975. The predictive models indicate year 2100, an additional 16–68% cladoceran 37–126% copepod likely be identified, representing significant portion currently unrealised Eighteen prolific authors contributed quarter descriptions, rest spread among numerous authorities. Based our extrapolation, could potentially exceed 6114 2050 9046 notwithstanding extinctions. These findings, which point amount biodiversity, underscore need refine estimates beyond conventional expert opinion. Such accuracy is crucial addressing underappreciated scale current crisis.

Language: Английский

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eDNA-based survey of the marine vertebrate biodiversity off the west coast of Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

Biodiversity Data Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 21, 2024

In the marine environment, knowledge of biodiversity remains incomplete for many taxa, requiring assessments to understand and monitor loss. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is a powerful tool monitoring biodiversity, as it enables several taxa be characterised simultaneously in single sample. However, data generated by environmental are often not easily reusable. Implementing FAIR principles standards eDNA-derived can facilitate data-sharing within scientific community.

Language: Английский

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Enlighten the Marvels: a new journal dedicated to natural history museums, collections and their role in interpreting a changing world

Published: Nov. 27, 2024

This editorial celebrates the launch of journal Natural History Collections and Museomics outlines its primary goals: to serve as a platform for exploring roles functions natural history museums, addressing their opportunities challenges, investigating applications scientific collections they curate. The associated skilled workforce powerful means study global diversity and, crucially, foster knowledge, description, conservation, potential.

Language: Английский

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