Nature Communications,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Nov. 7, 2024
Pupil
dynamics
has
emerged
as
a
critical
non-invasive
indicator
of
brain
state
changes.
In
particular,
pupillary-light-responses
(PLR)
in
Alzheimer's
disease
(AD)
patients
show
potential
biomarkers
for
degeneration.
To
investigate
AD-specific
PLR
and
its
underlying
neuromodulatory
sources,
we
combine
high-resolution
awake
mouse
fMRI
with
real-time
pupillometry
to
map
brain-wide
event-related
correlation
patterns
based
on
illumination-driven
pupil
constriction
(
$${P}_{c}$$
)
post-illumination
dilation
recovery
(amplitude,
$${P}_{d}$$
,
time,
T).
The
-driven
differential
analysis
reveals
altered
visual
signal
processing
reduced
thalamocortical
activation
AD
mice
comparison
wild-type
(WT)
control
mice.
contrast,
the
recovery-based
highlights
multiple
areas
associated
degeneration,
including
cingulate
cortex,
hippocampus,
septal
area
basal
forebrain,
medial
raphe
nucleus,
pontine
reticular
nuclei
(PRN).
Additionally,
functional
connectivity
most
significant
changes
PRN
mice,
which
serves
major
subcortical
relay
oculomotor
function.
This
work
integrates
pupil-fMRI
measurements
preclinical
models
identify
pupillary
changes,
dysfunction
coupled
applies
5xFAD
transgenic
verify
(AD).
pupil-driven
maps
pathways
affected
by
bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory),
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 29, 2024
ABSTRACT
The
ability
to
distinguish
strangers
from
familiar
individuals
is
crucial
for
the
survival
of
most
mammalian
species.
In
humans,
an
inability
recognize
kin
and
engage
in
appropriate
behaviors
associated
with
several
types
dementia,
including
Alzheimer’s
disease.
Mice
preferentially
spend
more
time
investigating
a
novel
individual
relative
individual.
Yet,
how
social
novelty
related
information
drives
increased
investigation
animal
remains
poorly
understood.
Recent
evidence
has
implicated
ventral
hippocampus
(vHPC)
as
key
node
encoding
about
conspecific
identity.
Of
particular
interest
are
vHPC
projections
lateral
septum
(LS),
region
that
been
driving
wide
range
motivated
behaviors.
this
study
using
chemogenetics,
optogenetics
monosynaptic
rabies
tracing,
we
identified
vHPC-LS-ventral
tegmental
area
(VTA)
pathway
necessary
mice
investigate
conspecifics.
Using
established
LS
neurons
make
direct
connections
onto
dopaminergic
VTA.
Thus,
have
potential
via
which
identity
could
be
transformed
drive
Stress
is
a
potent
modulator
of
pain.
Specifically,
acute
stress
due
to
physical
restraint
induces
stress-induced
analgesia
(SIA).
However,
where
and
how
pain
pathways
interface
in
the
brain
are
poorly
understood.
Here,
we
describe
dorsal
lateral
septum
(dLS),
forebrain
limbic
nucleus,
facilitates
SIA
through
its
downstream
targets
hypothalamic
area
(LHA)
mice.
Taking
advantage
transsynaptic
viral-genetic,
optogenetic,
chemogenetic
techniques,
show
that
dLS→LHA
circuitry
sufficient
drive
required
for
SIA.
Furthermore,
our
results
reveal
pathway
opioid-dependent
modulates
pro-nociceptive
neurons
rostral
ventromedial
medulla
(RVM).
Remarkably,
found
inhibitory
dLS
recruited
specifically
when
mice
struggle
escape
under
and,
turn,
inhibit
excitatory
LHA
neurons.
As
result,
RVM
disengaged,
thus
suppressing
nociception.
Together,
delineate
poly-synaptic
can
transform
behavior
into
analgesia.
Journal of Neurochemistry,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
169(2)
Published: Feb. 1, 2025
ABSTRACT
Stress,
an
evolutionarily
adaptive
mechanism,
has
become
a
pervasive
challenge
in
modern
life,
significantly
impacting
feeding‐relevant
circuits
that
play
role
the
development
and
pathogenesis
of
eating
disorders
(EDs).
Stress
activates
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
(HPA)
axis,
disrupts
specific
neural
circuits,
dysregulates
key
brain
regions,
including
hypothalamus,
hippocampus,
lateral
septum.
These
particular
structures
are
interconnected
integrating
stress
feeding
signals,
modulating
hunger,
satiety,
cognition,
emotional
coping
behaviors.
Here
we
discuss
interplay
between
genetic
predispositions
environmental
factors
may
exacerbate
ED
vulnerability.
We
also
highlight
most
commonly
used
animal
models
to
study
mechanisms
driving
EDs
recent
rodent
studies
emphasize
discovery
novel
cellular
molecular
signals
within
hippocampus–lateral
septum–hypothalamus
axis.
In
this
review,
gut
microbiome,
emerging
area
research
field
unanswered
questions
persist
hinder
scientific
progress,
such
as
why
some
individuals
remain
resilient
while
others
at
high
risk
for
EDs.
finally
need
future
delineating
impact
stressors
on
clarifying
relevance
functionality
hippocampal–septal–hypothalamic
connectivity,
investigating
neuropeptides
CRH,
oxytocin,
GLP‐1
human
pathogenesis.
Emerging
tools
like
single‐cell
sequencing
advanced
imaging
could
uncover
circuit‐level
changes
areas
relevant
patients.
Ultimately,
by
basic
clinical
research,
science
offers
promising
avenues
developing
personalized,
mechanism‐based
treatments
targeting
maladaptive
behavior
patients
suffering
from
image
Hippocampus,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
33(6), P. 691 - 699
Published: Feb. 28, 2023
Abstract
The
hippocampus
is
a
center
for
spatial
and
episodic
memory
formation
in
rodents.
Understanding
the
composition
of
subregions
circuitry
maps
essential
elucidating
mechanism
recall.
For
decades,
trisynaptic
circuit
(entorhinal
cortex
layer
II—dentate
gyrus
—
CA3—CA1)
has
been
considered
neural
network
substrate
responsible
learning
memory.
Recently,
CA2
emerged
as
an
important
area
hippocampal
circuitry,
with
distinct
functions
from
those
CA3.
In
this
article,
we
review
historical
definition
differential
projection
patterns
between
CA3
pyramidal
neurons.
We
provide
concise
comprehensive
map
outputs
by
comparing
(1)
ipsi
versus
contra
projections,
(2)
septal
temporal
(3)
lamellar
structures
