Multimodal measures of spontaneous brain activity reveal both common and divergent patterns of cortical functional organization

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Jan. 3, 2024

Abstract Large-scale functional networks have been characterized in both rodent and human brains, typically by analyzing fMRI-BOLD signals. However, the relationship between underlying neural activity is complex incompletely understood, which poses challenges to interpreting network organization obtained using this technique. Additionally, most work has assumed a disjoint (i.e., brain regions belong one only network). Here, we employ wide-field Ca 2+ imaging simultaneously with mice expressing GCaMP6f excitatory neurons. We determine cortical discovered each modality mixed-membership algorithm test hypothesis that exhibit overlapping organization. find there considerable overlap (both modalities) addition Our results show multiple BOLD are detected via signals, determined low-frequency signals modestly more similar networks. In addition, principal gradient of connectivity nearly identical for Despite similarities, important differences also across modalities, such as measures strength diversity. conclusion, uncovers mouse reflects several, but not all, properties observed

Language: Английский

---

Context-Dependent Decision Making in a Premotor Circuit

Neuron, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 106(2), P. 316 - 328.e6

Published: Feb. 26, 2020

Language: Английский

---

The Cortical Motor Areas and the Emergence of Motor Skills: A Neuroanatomical Perspective

Annual Review of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 44(1), P. 425 - 447

Published: April 17, 2021

What changes in neural architecture account for the emergence and expansion of dexterity primates? Dexterity, or skill performing motor tasks, depends on ability to generate highly fractionated patterns muscle activity. It also involves spatiotemporal coordination activity proximal distal muscles across multiple joints. Many skills require generation complex movement sequences that are only acquired refined through extensive practice. Improvements have enabled primates manufacture use tools humans engage skilled behaviors such as typing, dance, musical performance, sports. Our analysis leads following synthesis: The substrate endows with their enhanced capabilities is due, part, (a) major organizational primary cortex (b) proliferation output pathways from other areas cerebral cortex, especially medial wall hemisphere.

Language: Английский

---

Mouse frontal cortex mediates additive multisensory decisions

Neuron, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 111(15), P. 2432 - 2447.e13

Published: June 8, 2023

The brain can combine auditory and visual information to localize objects. However, the cortical substrates underlying audiovisual integration remain uncertain. Here, we show that mouse frontal cortex combines evidence; this combination is additive, mirroring behavior; it evolves with learning. We trained mice in an localization task. Inactivating impaired responses either sensory modality, while inactivating or parietal affected only stimuli. Recordings from >14,000 neurons indicated after task learning, activity anterior part of area MOs (secondary motor cortex) additively encodes signals, consistent mice's behavioral strategy. An accumulator model applied these representations reproduced observed choices reaction times. These results suggest adapts through learning evidence across cortices, providing a signal transformed into binary decision by downstream accumulator.

Language: Английский

---

Brain‐wide mapping of inputs to the mouse lateral posterior (LP/Pulvinar) thalamus–anterior cingulate cortex network

The Journal of Comparative Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 530(11), P. 1992 - 2013

Published: April 6, 2022

Abstract The rodent homolog of the primate pulvinar, lateral posterior (LP) thalamus, is extensively interconnected with multiple cortical areas. While these interactions can span entire LP, subdivisions LP are characterized by differential connections specific regions. In particular, medial has reciprocal frontoparietal areas, including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). ACC plays an integral role in top‐down sensory processing and attentional regulation, likely exerting some functions via LP. However, little known about how interact, information potentially integrated this network. Here, we address gap employing a projection‐specific monosynaptic rabies tracing strategy to delineate brain‐wide inputs bottom‐up LP→ACC ACC→LP neurons. We find that neurons receive from widespread regions, primary higher order motor also extensive subcortical inputs, particularly intermediate deep layers superior colliculus (SC). Sensory largely arise visual addition, integrate cross‐hemispheric prefrontal as well cortex. Our anatomical mapping LP‐ACC pathways provides roadmap for understanding communicate different sources mediate control visuomotor functions.

Language: Английский

---

Corticocortical Systems Underlying High-Order Motor Control

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 39(23), P. 4404 - 4421

Published: March 18, 2019

Cortical networks are characterized by the origin, destination, and reciprocity of their connections, as well diameter, conduction velocity, synaptic efficacy axons. The network formed parietal frontal areas lies at core cognitive-motor control because outflow parietofrontal signaling is conveyed to subcortical centers spinal cord through different parallel pathways, whose orchestration determines, not only when how movements will be generated, but also nature forthcoming actions. Despite intensive studies over last 50 years, role corticocortical connections in motor principles whereby selected cortical recruited task demands remain elusive. Furthermore, integration signals, modulation transthalamic loops, effects delays challenging questions that must tackled understand dynamical aspects operations. In this article, we evaluate results from nonhuman primate rodent experiments offer a viewpoint on systems contribute learning producing skilled Addressing subject scientific interest essential for interpreting devastating consequences lesions nodes integrated circuit. humans, study currently based MRI-related methods, such resting-state connectivity diffusion tract-tracing, which both need contrasted with histological primates.

Language: Английский

---

Sex differences in the neurochemistry of frontal cortex: Impact of early life stress

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 157(4), P. 963 - 981

Published: Oct. 7, 2020

Traumatic events during early life have been linked with later psychopathology. To understand this risk factor, researchers studied the effects of prenatal and postnatal stress on neurochemical changes. Here we review rodent literature sex differences sex-specific impact frontal cortex neurochemistry. This region is implicated in regulating motivation emotion, which are often disrupted psychological disorders. The prefrontal (PFC) particular one last brain regions to develop, there rate development. draw direct comparisons between sexes, our was restricted studies where or had described male female littermates. included research describing glutamate, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), corticosteroids, monoamines, cannabinoids. We found that sex-dependent mediated by age at experienced, test, type endured. More required, particularly into adolescent hope a greater understanding susceptibilities response across development will help uncover factors for disorders vulnerable populations.

Language: Английский

---

Parallel and Serial Sensory Processing in Developing Primary Somatosensory and Motor Cortex

Journal of Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 41(15), P. 3418 - 3431

Published: Feb. 23, 2021

It is generally supposed that primary motor cortex (M1) receives somatosensory input predominantly via (S1). However, a growing body of evidence indicates M1 also direct sensory from the thalamus, independent S1; such particularly evident at early ages before contributes to control. Here, recording extracellularly forelimb regions S1 and in unanesthetized rats postnatal day (P)8 P12, we compared responses self-generated (i.e., reafferent) movements during active sleep wake, other-generated exafferent) movements. At both ages, reafferent were processed parallel by M1; contrast, exafferent P8 but serially, M1, P12. To further assess this developmental difference processing, proprioceptive tactile stimulation. stimulation evoked whereas serial Independent submodality stimulation, pairs S1-M1 units exhibited greater coactivation than wake. These results indicate independently develop somatotopy establishing interactive relationship typifies their functionality adults. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Learning any new task depends on ability use information update outflow. Thus, understand learning, must how animals process input. Primary (S1) are two interdependent structures throughout life. In adults, functional between well established; however, little known about begin transmit or study, investigate development as processing unit. Our findings provide insights into fundamental principles connectivity these important sensorimotor structures.

Language: Английский

---

Movements during sleep reveal the developmental emergence of a cerebellar-dependent internal model in motor thalamus

Current Biology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 31(24), P. 5501 - 5511.e5

Published: Nov. 1, 2021

With our eyes closed, we can track a limb's moment-to-moment location in space. If this capacity relied solely on sensory feedback from the limb, would always be step behind because takes time: for execution of rapid and precise movements, such lags are not tolerable. Nervous systems solve problem by computing representations—or internal models—that mimic movements as they happening, with associated neural activity occurring after motor command but before feedback. Research adults indicates that cerebellum is necessary to compute models. What known, however, when—and under what conditions—this computational develops. Here, taking advantage unique kinematic features discrete, spontaneous limb twitches characterize active sleep, captured developmental emergence cerebellar-dependent model. Using rats at postnatal days (P) 12, P16, P20, compared ventral posterior (VP) lateral (VL) thalamic nuclei, both which receive somatosensory input only latter receives cerebellar input. At all ages, twitch-related VP lagged movement, consistent processing; similar was observed VL through P16. no longer movement instead precisely mimicked itself; depended In addition demonstrating models these findings implicate their development calibration through, least, preweanling period.

Language: Английский

---

Neuronal representations of reward-predicting cues and outcome history with movement in the frontal cortex

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 34(5), P. 108704 - 108704

Published: Feb. 1, 2021

Transformation of sensory inputs to goal-directed actions requires estimation sensory-cue values based on outcome history. We conduct wide-field and two-photon calcium imaging the mouse neocortex during classical conditioning with two cues different water-reward probabilities. Although licking movement dominates area-averaged activity over whole dorsal neocortex, dorsomedial frontal cortex (dmFrC) affects other cortical activities, its inhibition extinguishes differences in anticipatory between cues. Many medial prefrontal neurons are task related. Subsets these more excited by low-reward-predicting cue or unrewarded outcomes than high-reward-predicting rewarded outcomes, respectively. Task-related activities others counterbalanced, so that population appears dominated licking. The reward-predicting history most strongly represented dmFrC. Our results suggest dmFrC is crucial for initiating processes select inhibit action.

Language: Английский

---