Role of Hyperinsulinemia and Insulin Resistance in Hypertension: Metabolic Syndrome Revisited

Canadian Journal of Cardiology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 36(5), P. 671 - 682

Published: Feb. 12, 2020

---

Genetics of Obesity: What We Have Learned Over Decades of Research

Obesity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 29(5), P. 802 - 820

Published: April 26, 2021

There is a genetic component to human obesity that accounts for 40% 50% of the variability in body weight status but lower among normal individuals (about 30%) and substantially higher subpopulation with severe 60%‐80%). The appreciation heritability varies across classes BMI represents an important advance. After controlling BMI, ectopic fat distribution traits are characterized by levels ranging from 30% 55%. Defects at least 15 genes cause monogenic cases, resulting mostly deficiencies leptin‐melanocortin signaling pathway. Approximately two‐thirds can be imputed common DNA variants, whereas low‐frequency rare variants explain remaining fraction. Diminishing allele effect size observed as number obesity‐associated expands, most BMI‐increasing or ‐decreasing alleles contributing only few grams less weight. Obesity‐promoting exert minimal effects have larger proneness obesity, suggesting penetrance; however, it not known whether these sizes precede caused obese state. risk conditioned thousands make genetically based prevention treatment major challenge.

Language: Английский

---

AgRP/NPY and POMC neurons in the arcuate nucleus and their potential role in treatment of obesity

European Journal of Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 915, P. 174611 - 174611

Published: Nov. 17, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Insulin action in the brain: cell types, circuits, and diseases

Trends in Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 384 - 400

Published: March 28, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Brain functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging of obesity and weight loss interventions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(4), P. 1466 - 1479

Published: March 14, 2023

Abstract Obesity has tripled over the past 40 years to become a major public health issue, as it is linked with increased mortality and elevated risk for various physical neuropsychiatric illnesses. Accumulating evidence from neuroimaging studies suggests that obesity negatively affects brain function structure, especially within fronto-mesolimbic circuitry. Obese individuals show abnormal neural responses food cues, taste smell, resting-state activity functional connectivity, cognitive tasks including decision-making, inhibitory-control, learning/memory, attention. In addition, associated altered cortical morphometry, lowered gray/white matter volume, impaired white integrity. Various interventions treatments bariatric surgery, most effective treatment in clinical practice, well dietary, exercise, pharmacological, neuromodulation such transcranial direct current stimulation, magnetic stimulation neurofeedback have been employed achieved promising outcomes. These appear normalize hyper- hypoactivations of regions involved reward processing, food-intake control, function, also promote recovery structural abnormalities. This paper provides comprehensive literature review recent advances on underlying mechanisms both interventions, hope guiding development novel treatments.

Language: Английский

---

Adipose Tissue Hyperplasia and Hypertrophy in Common and Syndromic Obesity—The Case of BBS Obesity

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(15), P. 3445 - 3445

Published: Aug. 4, 2023

Obesity is a metabolic state generated by the expansion of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue depends on interplay between hyperplasia and hypertrophy, mainly regulated complex interaction genetics excess energy intake. However, genetic regulation yet to be fully understood. can divided into common multifactorial/polygenic obesity monogenic obesity, non-syndromic syndromic. Several genes related were found through studies models. syndromic characterized additional features other than suggesting more global role mutant syndrome and, thus, an peripheral influence development hardly studied date in this regard. This review summarizes present knowledge regarding hypertrophy adipocytes obesity. Additionally, we highlight scarce research as model for studying adipocyte focusing Bardet–Biedl (BBS). BBS involves central mechanisms, with molecular mechanistic alternation hypertrophy. Thus, argue that using models, such BBS, further advance our

Language: Английский

---

Emerging mechanistic understanding of cilia function in cellular signalling

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(7), P. 555 - 573

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Leptin as a Biomarker of Stress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 3350 - 3350

Published: Sept. 24, 2021

Leptin is a satiety hormone mainly produced by white adipose tissue. Decreasing levels have been described following acute stress.To conduct systematic review and meta-analysis to determine if leptin can be biomarker of stress, with decreasing stress.PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ScienceDirect were searched obtain all articles studying after stress on 15 February 2021. We included reporting before (physical or psychological) conducted random effects (DerSimonian Laird approach). Meta-regressions sensitivity analyses exclusion groups outside the metafunnel.We seven articles-four cohort three case-control studies-(28 groups) from 27,983 putative articles. decreased intervention (effect size = -0.34, 95%CI -0.66 -0.02) compared baseline levels, greater decrease 60 min mean (-0.45, -0.89 -0.01) in normal weight overweight individuals (-0.79, -1.38 -0.21). There was no difference population. Sensitivity demonstrated similar results. Levels sex ratio-i.e., number men/women-(-0.924, -1.58 -0.27) increased (0.039, 0.01 0.07).Leptin stress. Normal-weight women also higher variation suggesting that may implications obesity development response sex-dependent manner.

Language: Английский

---

LEAP2 reduces postprandial glucose excursions and ad libitum food intake in healthy men

Cell Reports Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(4), P. 100582 - 100582

Published: March 30, 2022

The gastric hormone ghrelin stimulates food intake and increases plasma glucose through activation of the growth secretagogue receptor (GHSR). Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) has been proposed to inhibit actions inverse effects on GHSR activity. Here, we investigate exogenous LEAP2 postprandial metabolism ad libitum in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial 20 healthy men. We report that infusion lowers concentrations decreases during an meal test. In wild-type mice, are reduced by dosing, but not GHSR-null pointing as potential mediator LEAP2's glucoregulatory appetite-suppressing mice.

Language: Английский

---

The secretory function of adipose tissues in metabolic regulation

Life Metabolism, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(2)

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

In addition to their pivotal roles in energy storage and expenditure, adipose tissues play a crucial part the secretion of bioactive molecules, including peptides, lipids, metabolites, extracellular vesicles, response physiological stimulation metabolic stress. These secretory factors, through autocrine paracrine mechanisms, regulate various processes within tissues. include adipogenesis, glucose lipid metabolism, inflammation, adaptive thermogenesis, all which are essential for maintenance balance functionality tissue micro-environment. A subset these adipose-derived factors can enter circulation target distant appetite, cognitive function, insulin sensitivity, gluconeogenesis, cardiovascular remodeling, exercise capacity. this review, we highlight role signaling pathways modulating homeostasis. Furthermore, delve into alterations both content under pathological conditions, shedding light on potential pharmacological treatment strategies related diseases.

Language: Английский

---