Microplastics: A Threat for Male Fertility

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(5), P. 2392 - 2392

Published: March 1, 2021

Much of the planet is swimming in discarded plastic, which harming animal and possibly human health. Once at sea, sunlight, wind, wave action break down plastic waste into small particles: microplastics (MPs). Currently, particular attention has been drawn to their effects on aquatic environments but health risks, especially mammals, are poorly known. These non-biodegradable materials can act as a vector for environmental pollutants, be ingested by humans food water, enter accumulate tissues with possible risk heath. Recent studies revealed deleterious MPs exposure male reproduction sperm quality, making them potential hazard reproductive success. This manuscript summarizes main changes quality along lifespan upcoming fertility mammals.

Language: Английский

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Kisspeptins and the neuroendocrine control of reproduction: Recent progress and new frontiers in kisspeptin research

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65, P. 100977 - 100977

Published: Jan. 7, 2022

In late 2003, a major breakthrough in our understanding of the mechanisms that govern reproduction occurred with identification reproductive roles kisspeptins, encoded by Kiss1 gene, and their receptor, Gpr54 (aka, Kiss1R). The discovery this unsuspected facet attracted an extraordinary interest boosted intense research activity, human model species, that, relatively short period, established series basic concepts on physiological kisspeptins. Such fundamental knowledge, gathered these early years kisspeptin research, set scene for more recent in-depth dissection intimacies neuronal networks involving neurons, precise regulation molecular underpinnings function kisspeptins as pivotal regulators all key aspects function, from puberty onset to pulsatile gonadotropin secretion metabolic control fertility. While no clear temporal boundaries between two periods can be defined, review we will summarize most prominent advances last ten years, means provide up-dated view state art potential paths future progress dynamic, ever growing domain Neuroendocrinology.

Language: Английский

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The Congenital and Acquired Mechanisms Implicated in the Etiology of Central Precocious Puberty

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(2), P. 193 - 221

Published: Aug. 5, 2022

The etiology of central precocious puberty (CPP) is multiple and heterogeneous, including congenital acquired causes that can be associated with structural or functional brain alterations. All CPP culminate in the premature pulsatile secretion hypothalamic GnRH and, consequently, reactivation hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. activation excitatory factors suppression inhibitory during childhood represent 2 major mechanisms CPP, revealing a delicate balance these opposing neuronal pathways. Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) most well-known cause nervous system abnormalities. Several by which have been proposed, an anatomical connection to anterior hypothalamus, autonomous neuroendocrine activity neurons, trophic secreted HH, mechanical pressure applied hypothalamus. importance genetic and/or epigenetic underlying has grown significantly last decade, as demonstrated evidence abnormalities lesions (eg, hamartomas, gliomas), syndromic disorders (Temple, Prader-Willi, Silver-Russell, Rett syndromes), isolated from monogenic defects (MKRN3 DLK1 loss-of-function mutations). Genetic discoveries involving had influence on diagnosis familial counseling providing bases for potential prevention sexual development new treatment targets future. Global preventive actions inducing healthy lifestyle habits less exposure endocrine-disrupting chemicals lifespan are desirable because they potentially CPP.

Language: Английский

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Sedentary lifestyle and precocious puberty in girls during the COVID-19 pandemic: an Italian experience

Endocrine Connections, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(2)

Published: Jan. 14, 2022

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate children observed for suspected precocious puberty in five Italian centers of Pediatric Endocrinology during the first wave coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (March-September 2020), compared subjects same period previous year.The population (490 children) was divided according year observation and final diagnosis: transient thelarche, non-progressive puberty, central (CPP), or early puberty.Between March September 2020, 338 were referred 152 (+122%). The increase girls (328 2020 vs 140 2019, P < 0.05), especially second half considered (92 from May 236 June September); while no difference boys (10 12 2019). percentage with confirmed CPP higher (135/328 (41%) 37/140 (26%), 0.01). Anthropometric hormonal parameters not different; showed more prolonged use electronic devices a sedentary lifestyle both before pandemic, rest population.The present findings corroborate recently reported association between complex changes related lockdown incidence girls.

Language: Английский

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Molecular basis of normal and pathological puberty: from basic mechanisms to clinical implications

The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 203 - 216

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Language: Английский

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Hippo-vgll3 signaling may contribute to sex differences in Atlantic salmon maturation age via contrasting adipose dynamics

Biology of Sex Differences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: April 2, 2025

Abstract Background Sexual maturation in Atlantic salmon entails a transition energy utilization, regulated by genes and environmental stimuli sex-specific manner. Males require less energy, the form of adiposity, to mature typically younger than females. Maturation age is also influenced sex-dependent fashion vgll3 genotype ( vestigial-like 3 ), co-factor Hippo pathway. The underlying molecular processes age, their interplay with adiposity genotypes, remain unclear. Methods To elucidate mechanisms sex- genotype-specific differences, we investigated association early (E) late (L) alleles transcription > 330 involved regulation pathway sexual maturation, related signals brain, adipose, gonads. Results strongest effect was observed adipose for females brain males, highlighting expression differences genotype. Genes ovarian development showed increased vgll3*EE compared vgll3*LL Moreover, males exhibited reduced markers pre-adipocyte differentiation lipolysis yet enhanced adipocyte lipid storage. Brain gene further hormones lipids, as well tight junction assembly. Conclusions Overall, these patterns point towards greater storage slower utilization males. These results suggest Hippo-dependent may be important mediators sex salmon.

Language: Английский

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Molecular and Environmental Mechanisms Regulating Puberty Initiation: An Integrated Approach

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 10

Published: Dec. 5, 2019

The mechanisms underlying the initiation of puberty, one cornerstones human evolution, have not been fully elucidated as yet. However, recently, an accumulating body evidence has helped unravel several critical aspects process. It is clear that a change in pattern pituitary gonadotropin secretion serves hormonal trigger for puberty induction. This directly guided by hypothalamic GnRH pulse generation, phenomenon regulated Kisspeptin-Neurokinin-Dynorphin (KNDy) system also hypothalamus. represents kisspeptin molecule, which crucial augmenting at whose fine-tuned opposing signals neurokinin B and dynorphin. Recently, novel inhibitory signal MKRN3 was described, role provided further insight into mechanistic pubertal onset. Furthermore, description higher stimulatory acting upstream KNDy neurons suggested point located generator. mechanism onset should be considered isolated closed loop system. On contrary, it influenced such factors adipose tissue, gastrointestinal function, adrenal androgen production, energy sensing, physical psychosocial stress. Also, fetal early life stressful events, well exposure to endocrine disruptors, may play important roles initiation, latter primarily through epigenetic modifications. Here we present available data field attempt provide integrated view this unique phenomenon.

Language: Английский

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Sirt1 Activity in the Brain: Simultaneous Effects on Energy Homeostasis and Reproduction

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 1243 - 1243

Published: Jan. 30, 2021

Diet deeply impacts brain functions like synaptic plasticity and cognitive processes, neuroendocrine functions, reproduction behaviour, with detrimental or protective effects on neuronal physiology therefore consequences for health. In this respect, the activity of metabolic sensors within is critical maintenance health status represents a possible therapeutic target some diseases. This review summarizes main Sirtuin1 (Sirt1), sensor focus link between central control energy homeostasis reproduction. The modulation Sirt1 by natural phytochemical compounds polyphenols also discussed.

Language: Английский

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The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: a cross sectional study in Hebei, China

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 20(1)

Published: June 1, 2020

Abstract Background The adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by teenage are major public health problems with significant social impact. While China is the most populous country in world, and 8.5% of women aged 10–50 years adolescent women, we aimed to analyze maternal perinatal Hebei Province, China. Methods There were 238,598 singleton pregnant 10–34 from January 1, 2013 December 31, 2017 database Province Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System (HBMNMSS). divided into two groups: group (aged 10–19 years) adult 20–34 years). was subgroups 10–17 years, 18–19 years), 20–24 25–34 We compared risk using univariate multivariate logistic regression. also made a stratified analysis nulliparous multiparous pregnancy. Results Compared had lower cesarean delivery [adjusted ratio (aRR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70–0.80], gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aRR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.41–0.73). Women higher preterm 1.76, 1.54–2.01), small for age (SGA) 1.19, 1.08–1.30), stillbirth 2.58, 1.83–3.62), neonatal death 2.63, 1.60–4.32). significantly 5.69, 3.36–9.65) 7.57, 3.74–15.33) years. Younger adults (20–24 risks 1.26, 1.20–1.32), 1.45, 1.23–1.72), 1.51, 1.21–1.90) structural equation model showed that an indirect effect on Conclusions related (fetal neonatal) outcomes, such as delivery, death, especially younger pregnancies.

Language: Английский

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Associations of Obesity with Linear Growth and Puberty

Hormone Research in Paediatrics, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 95(2), P. 120 - 136

Published: June 15, 2021

The prevalence of obesity in childhood has increased dramatically recent decades with risk developing cardiometabolic and other comorbidities. Childhood adiposity may also influence processes growth puberty.Growth patterns during have been shown to be associated linear early childhood, leading accelerated epiphyseal plate (EGP) maturation. Several hormones secreted by the adipose tissue affect context obesity, both via hormone IGF-1 axis a direct effect on EGP. observation that children tend mature earlier than lean led assumption degree body fatness trigger neuroendocrine events lead pubertal onset. most probable link between puberty is leptin its interaction kisspeptin system, which an important regulator puberty. However, peripheral action could involved changes onset In addition, nutritional factors, epigenetics, endocrine-disrupting chemicals are potential mediators linking obesity. this review, we focused interactions processes, based basic research clinical data humans.Children subject impaired adult height puberty, psychological consequences. highlight another objective combatting for prevention abnormal patterns.

Language: Английский

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