The dynamic lung microbiome in health and disease

Nature Reviews Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 222 - 235

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Language: Английский

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Anemia, iron, and HIV: decoding the interconnected pathways: A review

Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 103(2), P. e36937 - e36937

Published: Jan. 12, 2024

This review delves into the intricate relationship between anemia, iron metabolism, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), aiming to unravel interconnected pathways that contribute complex interplay these 3 entities. A systematic exploration of relevant literature was conducted, encompassing studies examining association status, HIV infection. Both clinical preclinical investigations were analyzed elucidate underlying mechanisms linking components. Chronic inflammation, a hallmark infection, disrupts homeostasis, impacting erythropoiesis contributing anemia. Direct viral effects on bone marrow function further compound red blood cell deficiencies. Antiretroviral therapy, while essential for managing HIV, introduces potential complications, including medication-induced Dysregulation levels in different tissues adds complexity network interactions. Effective management anemia necessitates multifaceted approach. Optimization antiretroviral treatment opportunistic infections, targeted nutritional interventions, supplementation, are integral However, challenges persist understanding specific molecular governing pathways. Decoding is imperative enhancing holistic care individuals with HIV/AIDS. nuanced relationships will inform development more precise optimizing this population. Future research endeavors should focus elucidating mechanisms, paving way innovative therapeutic strategies context HIV-associated

Language: Английский

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Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Jan. 7, 2025

Abstract The mucosal immune system, as the most extensive peripheral network, serves frontline defense against a myriad of microbial and dietary antigens. It is crucial in preventing pathogen invasion establishing tolerance. A comprehensive understanding immunity essential for developing treatments that can effectively target diseases at their entry points, thereby minimizing overall impact on body. Despite its importance, our knowledge remains incomplete, necessitating further research. outbreak severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has underscored critical role disease prevention treatment. This systematic review focuses dynamic interactions between mucosa-associated lymphoid structures related diseases. We delve into basic functions these tissues during processes explore intricate regulatory networks mechanisms involved. Additionally, we summarize novel therapies clinical research advances immunity-related also addresses challenges vaccines, which aim to induce specific responses while maintaining tolerance non-pathogenic microbes. Innovative therapies, such nanoparticle vaccines inhalable antibodies, show promise enhancing offer potential improved

Language: Английский

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Alveolar macrophages from persons with HIV mount impaired TNF signaling networks to M. tuberculosis infection

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16(1)

Published: March 10, 2025

People living with HIV (PLWH) have an increased risk for developing tuberculosis after M. infection, despite anti-retroviral therapy (ART). To delineate the underlying mechanisms, we conducted single cell transcriptomics on bronchoalveolar lavage cells from PLWH ART and uninfected healthy controls infected ex vivo. We identify M1-like proinflammatory alveolar macrophage subset that sequentially acquires TNF signaling capacity in but not PLWH. Cell-cell communication analyses reveal interactions between macrophages effector memory T within superfamily, chemokine, costimulatory networks airways of controls. These interaction were lacking tuberculosis, where anti-inflammatory M2-like regulatory dominated along dysregulated signatures. Our data support a model which impaired TNF-TNFR signaling, aberrant macrophage-T crosstalk, lead to ineffective immunity ART. are at high development Mycobacterium (Mtb) infection. Here authors compare BAL upon vivo Mtb infection find (AM) reduced expression M1-AM

Language: Английский

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HIV Tissue Reservoirs: Current Advances in Research

AIDS Patient Care and STDs, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(6), P. 284 - 296

Published: May 15, 2023

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by the human virus (HIV), has become a heavy burden of disease and an important public health problem in world. Although current antiretroviral therapy (ART) is effective at suppressing blood, HIV still remains two different types reservoirs-the latently infected cells (represented CD4+ T cells) tissues containing those cells, which may block access to ART, HIV-neutralizing antibodies latency-reversing agents. The latter focus our review, as blood viral load drops below detectable levels after deeper more systematic understanding tissue reservoirs imperative. In this we take lymphoid system (including lymph nodes, gut-associated tissue, spleen bone marrow), nervous system, respiratory reproductive (divided into male female), urinary order, focusing on particularity importance each infection, infection target cell specific situation quantified DNA or RNA evidence compartmentalization pharmacokinetics. summary, found that present state both similarities differences. future, therapeutic principle need follow respect discrepancy basis grasping commonality. measures taken completely eliminate whole body cannot be generalized. It necessary formulate personalized treatment strategies according characteristics various tissues, so realize prospect curing AIDS soon possible.

Language: Английский

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HIV-associated lung disease

Nature Reviews Disease Primers, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(1)

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Prediction of adverse events risk in patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder using electronic medical records by deep learning models

Drug and Alcohol Dependence, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 255, P. 111066 - 111066

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Identifying co-occurring mental disorders and elevated risk is vital for optimization of healthcare processes. In this study, we will use DeepBiomarker2, an updated version our deep learning model to predict the adverse events among patients with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) alcohol (AUD), a high-risk population.

Language: Английский

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Role of the intestinal microbiota in host defense against respiratory viral infections

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 66, P. 101410 - 101410

Published: May 7, 2024

Viral infections, including those affecting the respiratory tract, can alter composition of intestinal microbiota, which, in turn, significantly influence both innate and adaptive immune responses, resulting either enhanced pathogen clearance or exacerbation infection, possibly leading to inflammatory complications. A deeper understanding interplay between microbiota host responses context viral infections (i.e. gut-lung axis) is necessary develop new treatments. This review highlights key mechanisms by which its metabolites, act locally at distant organs combat viruses. Therapeutics aimed harnessing prevent and/or help treat represent a promising avenue for future investigation.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 immunity and vaccine strategies in people with HIV

Oxford Open Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Abstract Current severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines, based on the ancestral Wuhan strain, were developed rapidly to meet needs of a devastating global pandemic. People living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWH) have been designated as priority group for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in most regions and varying primary courses (two- or three-dose schedule) additional boosters are recommended depending current CD4+ T cell count and/or detectable HIV viraemia. From published data, licensed vaccines safe PLWH, stimulate robust responses those well controlled antiretroviral therapy high counts. Data vaccine efficacy immunogenicity remain, however, scarce especially people advanced disease. A greater concern is potentially diminished immune response course subsequent boosters, an attenuated magnitude durability protective responses. detailed understanding breadth humoral vaccination, boosting effects natural immunity SARS-CoV-2, more diverse populations PLWH spectrum HIV-related immunosuppression therefore critical. This article summarizes focused studies cellular infection provides comprehensive review emerging literature Emphasis placed potential effect factors presence co-morbidities modulating remaining challenges informing optimal strategy elicit enduring against existing variants PLWH.

Language: Английский

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SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine-Induced T-Cell Response after Three Doses in People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy Compared to Seronegative Controls (CTN 328 COVAXHIV Study)

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 575 - 575

Published: Feb. 19, 2023

People living with HIV (PLWH) may be at risk for poor immunogenicity to certain vaccines, including the ability develop immunological memory. Here, we assessed T-cell following three SARS-CoV-2 vaccine doses in PLWH versus uninfected controls. Blood was collected from 38 on antiretroviral therapy and 24 age-matched HIV-negative controls, pre-vaccination after 1st/2nd/3rd dose of without prior infection. Flow cytometry used assess ex vivo immunophenotypes intracellular Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α/interferon(IFN)-γ/interleukin(IL)-2 SARS-CoV-2-Spike-peptide stimulation. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon signed-rank test paired variables Mann-Whitney unpaired. In PLWH, Spike-specific CD4 frequencies plateaued post-2nd dose, no significant differences polyfunctional SARS-CoV-2-specific proportions between controls post-3rd dose. had higher TNFα+CD4 T-cells lower IFNγ+CD8 than seronegative participants Regardless status, an increase naive, regulatory, PD1+ observed summary, two induced a robust immune response which maintained 3rd

Language: Английский

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