Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(16), P. 9328 - 9328

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

The distinguishing pathogenic features of neurodegenerative diseases include mitochondrial dysfunction and derived reactive oxygen species generation. neural tissue is highly sensitive to oxidative stress this a prominent factor in both chronic acute neurodegeneration. Based on this, therapeutic strategies using antioxidant molecules towards redox equilibrium have been widely used for the treatment several brain pathologies. Globally, polyphenols, carotenes vitamins are among most typical exogenous agents that tested neurodegeneration as adjunctive therapies. However, other types antioxidants, including hormones, such melatonin, also considered neuroprotective different contexts. This review highlights relevant targets main disorders Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's Huntington's disease less represented amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, well traumatic injury, while summarizing latest randomized placebo-controlled trials.

Language: Английский

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Reactive oxygen species in biological systems: Pathways, associated diseases, and potential inhibitors—A review

Food Science & Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 675 - 693

Published: Dec. 1, 2023

Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under normal physiological conditions and may have beneficial harmful effects on biological systems. ROS involved in many processes such as differentiation, proliferation, necrosis, autophagy, apoptosis by acting signaling molecules or regulators of transcription factors. In this case, maintaining proper cellular levels is known redox homeostasis. Oxidative stress occurs because the imbalance between production antioxidant defenses. Sources include mitochondria, auto‐oxidation glucose, enzymatic pathways nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NAD[P]H) oxidase. The possible NF‐κB, MAPKs, PI3K‐Akt, Keap1‐Nrf2‐ARE pathway. This review covers literature pertaining to strategies inhibit them. Additionally, summarizes related finding inhibitors.

Language: Английский

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New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(5), P. 2698 - 2698

Published: Feb. 26, 2024

Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids weak antioxidant defenses, brain is particularly vulnerable oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute development NDDs or solely a consequence neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, linked, it known that OS can affect inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview last findings about pathways in principal NDDs. Moreover, focus more depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) understand how anti-inflammatory antioxidants drugs have been used for treatment still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, analyze past actual clinical trials future perspectives study mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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ACSL4-Mediated Ferroptosis and Its Potential Role in Central Nervous System Diseases and Injuries

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(12), P. 10021 - 10021

Published: June 12, 2023

As an iron-dependent regulated form of cell death, ferroptosis is characterized by lipid peroxidation and has been implicated in the occurrence development various diseases, including nervous system diseases injuries. Ferroptosis become a potential target for intervention these or injuries relevant preclinical models. member Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family (ACSLs) that can convert saturated unsaturated fatty acids, Acyl—CoA familymember4 (ACSL4) involved regulation arachidonic acid eicosapentaenoic acid, thus leading to ferroptosis. The underlying molecular mechanisms ACSL4-mediated will promote additional treatment strategies injury conditions. Our review article provides current view ferroptosis, mainly structure function ACSL4, as well role ACSL4 We also summarize latest research progress central further proving ACSL4-medicated important

Language: Английский

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Homeostasis and metabolism of iron and other metal ions in neurodegenerative diseases

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Language: Английский

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Oxidative stress involvement in the molecular pathogenesis and progression of multiple sclerosis: a literature review

Reviews in the Neurosciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 35(3), P. 355 - 371

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune debilitating disease of the central nervous system caused by a mosaic interactions between genetic predisposition and environmental factors. The pathological hallmarks MS are chronic inflammation, demyelination, neurodegeneration. Oxidative stress, state imbalance production reactive species antioxidant defense mechanisms, considered one key contributors in pathophysiology MS. This review comprehensive overview cellular molecular mechanisms which oxidant contribute to initiation progression including mitochondrial dysfunction, disruption various signaling pathways, response activation. detrimental effects oxidative stress on neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, as well role oxidants promoting perpetuating axonal damage, discussed. Finally, this also points out therapeutic potential synthetic antioxidants that must be evaluated clinical trials patients with

Language: Английский

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Edaravone: A Novel Possible Drug for Cancer Treatment?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(3), P. 1633 - 1633

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Despite significant advancements in understanding the causes and progression of tumors, cancer remains one leading death worldwide. In light advances therapy, there has been a growing interest drug repurposing, which involves exploring new uses for medications that are already approved clinical use. One such medication is edaravone, currently used to manage patients with cerebral infarction amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Due its antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties, edaravone also investigated potential activities treating cancer, notably as an anti-proliferative cytoprotective against side effects induced by traditional therapies. This comprehensive review aims provide updates on various applications therapy. It explores standalone antitumor drug, either alone or combination other medications, well role adjuvant mitigate conventional anticancer treatments.

Language: Английский

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From Brain to Muscle: The Role of Muscle Tissue in Neurodegenerative Disorders

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 719 - 719

Published: Sept. 12, 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's (PD), primarily affect the central nervous system, leading to progressive neuronal loss motor cognitive dysfunction. However, recent studies have revealed that muscle tissue also plays a significant role in these diseases. ALS is characterized by severe wasting as result of neuron degeneration, well alterations gene expression, protein aggregation, oxidative stress. Muscle atrophy mitochondrial dysfunction are observed AD, which may exacerbate decline due systemic metabolic dysregulation. PD patients exhibit fiber atrophy, altered composition, α-synuclein aggregation within cells, contributing symptoms progression. Systemic inflammation impaired degradation pathways common among disorders, highlighting key player Understanding muscle-related changes offers potential therapeutic avenues, such targeting function, reducing inflammation, promoting regeneration with exercise pharmacological interventions. This review emphasizes importance considering an integrative approach neurodegenerative research, both peripheral pathological mechanisms, order develop more effective treatments improve patient outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Advanced nano drug delivery systems for neuroprotection against ischemic stroke

Chinese Chemical Letters, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 109149 - 109149

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Muscle Involvement in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Understanding the Pathogenesis and Advancing Therapeutics

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(11), P. 1582 - 1582

Published: Oct. 26, 2023

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal condition characterized by the selective loss of motor neurons in cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord. Muscle involvement, muscle atrophy, subsequent paralysis are among main features this disease, which defined as neuromuscular disorder. ALS persistently progressive continue to degenerate, individuals with experience gradual decline their ability perform daily activities. Ultimately, function may result paralysis, presenting significant challenges mobility, communication, self-care. While majority research has traditionally focused on pathogenic pathways central nervous system, there been great interest research. These studies were carried out patients animal models order better understand molecular mechanisms involved develop therapies aimed at improving function. This review summarizes discusses role muscle, well examines recent development treatments.

Language: Английский

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