Phosphorus–Nitrogen Interaction in Fire Retardants and Its Impact on the Chemistry of Treated Wood DOI Open Access
Wojciech Grześkowiak, Izabela Ratajczak, Magdalena Zborowska

et al.

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(21), P. 5283 - 5283

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

This work focuses on the changes in chemical composition of wood caused by impregnation with fire retardants such as guanidine carbonate (GC), urea (U), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and their mixtures. The treated was tested using oxygen index (LOI), Py–GC/MS analysis FTIR Spectroscopy. vacuum at a pressure 0.8 MPa for 20 min then subjected to thermal degradation LOI. way, degraded nondegraded layers were obtained ground (0.2 mm). All treatment variants achieved class non-flammable materials based LOI tests; exception 5% solution, defined flame-retardant material. Using analytical methods, it found that cellulose hemicelluloses undergo fastest degradation. study variant protected mixture GC DAP before after process had best fire-retardant properties regarding content wood. highest anhydrosugars characterised same variants, amount which indicates slowdown and, consequently, reduction release levoglucosan during combustion, suggesting potential applications safety.

Language: Английский

Experimental Investigation of Fire—Technical Characteristics of Selected Flame Retardants for the Protection of Wooden Structures DOI Open Access
Patrik Mitrenga, Miroslava Vandlíčková,

Milan Konárik

et al.

Coatings, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 193 - 193

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

This study evaluates selected flame retardants on the basis of their influence change fire-technical parameters soft and hard woods (spruce oak) during exposure to a heat source. The evaluated were mass loss, loss rate depth charred layer. experiments carried out simple test equipment which samples exposed direct while was monitored. measured data statistical evaluation showed significant dependence type retardant used (inorganic salt-based retardant—IS intumescent retardant—IFR) wood species. In spite same reaction fire class specified by manufacturers for both types studied, differences observed in layer reached much lower values when using IFR retardant, whose efficiency higher order tens percent compared use IS retardant. reduced oak up 84% untreated samples, indicating its high effectiveness potential increase resistance wooden structures. These results show that IFRs are more effective studied ISs despite equal fire, may have wider implications construction industry highlight need thorough based performance under real-world conditions.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Recent Advances in MXene-Based Flame Retardants for Enhancing Fire Safety in Thermoplastic Resins DOI Creative Commons
Qingjie Guo, Yuan Yao, Lulu Xu

et al.

Fire, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 8(2), P. 73 - 73

Published: Feb. 11, 2025

Thermoplastic resins are indispensable materials in various applications, including automotive, electronics, packaging, and construction, owing to their superior mechanical strength, ease of processing, versatility. However, inherent flammability poses a significant challenge fire safety, limiting broader use environments demanding stringent flame-retardant performance. MXenes, newly emerging class two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, have recently attracted attention for application polymer composites because multilayered structure exceptional This review comprehensively explores the state-of-the-art advancements thermoplastic resins, focusing on MXenes MXene-based meet high-performance requirements, thermal stability, flame retardancy, electromagnetic interference (EMI) properties, multifunctionality. Furthermore, modification approaches retardants, preparation resin composites, mechanisms action different matrices also discussed this review. Finally, discusses challenges potential developments offering insights into practical applications growing demands materials.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Waterborne Intumescent Fire-Retardant Polymer Composite Coatings: A Review DOI Open Access
Yang Li, Cheng‐Fei Cao,

Zuan‐Yu Chen

et al.

Polymers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(16), P. 2353 - 2353

Published: Aug. 20, 2024

Intumescent fire-retardant coatings, which feature thinner layers and good decorative effects while significantly reducing heat transfer air dispersion capabilities, are highly attractive for fire safety applications due to their effective prevention of material combustion protection materials. Particularly, the worldwide demand improved environmental requirements has given rise production waterborne intumescent polymer composite comparable or provide more advantages than solvent-based coatings in terms low cost, reduced odor, minimal health hazards. However, there is still a lack comprehensive in-depth overview coatings. This review aims systematically comprehensively discuss composition, flame retardant insulation mechanisms, practical Finally, some key challenges associated with highlighted, following future perspectives opportunities proposed.

Language: Английский

Citations

5
Eco-conscious flame retardants for enhanced fire resistance in natural fiber reinforced polymers composite: A review bio-based, and industry implications DOI
Ashraf Morsy, Sherif Kandil,

Hassan A. Ewais

et al.

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 377, P. 144360 - 144360

Published: March 29, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Improving Building Floor Acoustics with Innovative Inorganic Sound Insulation Coating DOI Creative Commons
Jie Li,

Qinglin Meng,

Haowei Lu

et al.

Buildings, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(11), P. 3663 - 3663

Published: Nov. 18, 2024

Floor impact sound insulation is essential for improving living environments and has become a mandatory requirement green buildings in Southern China. This study introduces an innovative inorganic coating technology enhancing building floor acoustic performance. Through comprehensive laboratory experiments field tests, we evaluated coatings of 3 mm 5 thickness, comparing their performance against traditional methods, including organic soundproof mortar. Standardized pressure level measurements, conducted accordance with the China GB/T 50121 standard, demonstrated significant improvements. Laboratory testing revealed reductions 6–7 dB 9–10 coatings, respectively, while applications achieved average reduction 14.3 dB. The exhibited superior characteristics compared to both mortar terms efficiency, fire resistance, application feasibility, demonstrating particularly effective attenuation mid- high-frequency range. investigation presents innovative, cost-effective, environmentally sustainable solution buildings.

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Phosphorus–Nitrogen Interaction in Fire Retardants and Its Impact on the Chemistry of Treated Wood DOI Open Access
Wojciech Grześkowiak, Izabela Ratajczak, Magdalena Zborowska

et al.

Materials, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(21), P. 5283 - 5283

Published: Oct. 30, 2024

This work focuses on the changes in chemical composition of wood caused by impregnation with fire retardants such as guanidine carbonate (GC), urea (U), diammonium phosphate (DAP) and their mixtures. The treated was tested using oxygen index (LOI), Py–GC/MS analysis FTIR Spectroscopy. vacuum at a pressure 0.8 MPa for 20 min then subjected to thermal degradation LOI. way, degraded nondegraded layers were obtained ground (0.2 mm). All treatment variants achieved class non-flammable materials based LOI tests; exception 5% solution, defined flame-retardant material. Using analytical methods, it found that cellulose hemicelluloses undergo fastest degradation. study variant protected mixture GC DAP before after process had best fire-retardant properties regarding content wood. highest anhydrosugars characterised same variants, amount which indicates slowdown and, consequently, reduction release levoglucosan during combustion, suggesting potential applications safety.

Language: Английский

Citations

0