Chandipura Virus Resurgence in India: Insights Into Diagnostic Tools, Antiviral Development, and Public Health Implications

Global Health, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Background: Chandipura virus (CHPV) is an emerging rhabdovirus primarily affecting pediatric populations in India, causing acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) with high mortality rates. First identified 1965, CHPV has resurfaced several outbreaks, the most recent being 2024, significant public health implications. The transmitted by sandflies, particularly Phlebotomus spp., and been associated a rapid progression of symptoms, leading to severe neurological damage death. Despite advances diagnostic techniques, no specific antiviral treatment or licensed vaccine currently exists. Main Body Abstract: This manuscript reviews latest findings on CHPV, focusing advancements, strategies, responses. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) have emerged as vital tools for accurate diagnosis, enabling identification clinical environmental samples. Antiviral therapies, such ribavirin favipiravir, shown promise vitro preclinical models, but human trials are lacking. Additionally, virus’s unique epidemiology, including its reliance sandfly transmission, complicates control efforts, resource‐limited settings. 2024 outbreak, case fatality ratio over 30%, highlights urgent need improved surveillance, vector measures, interventions curb spread CHPV. Conclusion: considerable progress diagnostics experimental treatments, challenges remain controlling outbreaks. lack therapies vaccines continues hinder effective management. Strengthened advanced infrastructure, ongoing research into development essential mitigating impact affected regions. International collaboration sustained efforts will be crucial preventing future outbreaks reducing disease burden.

Language: Английский

Kyasanur Forest Disease: A Comprehensive Review

Cureus, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: July 23, 2024

Vector-borne microbial diseases are ubiquitous, and their management remains elusive. Such with zoonotic potential result in public health challenges requiring additional control preventive measures. Despite cosmopolitan presence, vector-borne infections neglected due to endemicity specified geographical regions. The Kyasanur forest disease (KFD) caused by the virus (KFDV) is among such transmitted through ticks localized India. its prevalence, high transmissibility, cause fatalities, KFDV has not been given deserved attention governments. Further, circulates rural wild areas threatening people living these limited access medical healthcare. Therefore, physicians, healthcare workers, general population need understand ecology, epidemiology, transmission, pathogenesis, laboratory diagnosis, prevention as described comprehensively this review.

Language: Английский

Neuropsychiatric Burden of SARS-CoV-2: A Review of Its Physiopathology, Underlying Mechanisms, and Management Strategies

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(12), P. 1811 - 1811

Published: Nov. 21, 2024

The COVID-19 outbreak, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was linked to significant neurological and psychiatric manifestations. This review examines physiopathological mechanisms underlying these neuropsychiatric outcomes discusses current management strategies. Primarily a respiratory disease, frequently leads issues, including cephalalgia migraines, loss of sensory perception, cerebrovascular accidents, impairment such as encephalopathy. Lasting neuropsychological effects have also been recorded in individuals following infection. These include anxiety, depression, cognitive dysfunction, suggesting lasting impact on mental health. neuroinvasive potential inflammatory responses, role angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) neuroinflammation are critical factors In addition, highlights importance monitoring biomarkers assess Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. Management strategies for conditions supportive therapy, antiepileptic drugs, antithrombotic psychotropic emphasizing need multidisciplinary approach. Understanding long-term implications is essential developing effective treatment protocols improving patient outcomes.

Language: Английский