Cancer Invasion: Patterns and Mechanisms

Krakhmal N.V.,

Zavyalova M.V.

Опубликована Янв. 1, 2015

Cancer invasion and the ability of malignant tumor cells for directed migration and metastasis have remained a focus of research for many years. Numerous studies have confirmed the existence of two main patterns of cancer cell invasion: collective cell migration and individual cell migration, by which tumor cells overcome barriers of the extracellular matrix and spread into surrounding tissues. Each pattern of cell migration displays specific morphological features and the biochemical/molecular genetic mechanisms underlying cell migration. Two types of migrating tumor cells, mesenchymal (fibroblast-like) and amoeboid, are observed in each pattern of cancer cell invasion. This review describes the key …

NeuN As a Neuronal Nuclear Antigen and Neuron Differentiation Marker

Gusel’nikova V.V.,

Korzhevskiy D.E.

Опубликована Янв. 1, 2015

The NeuN protein is localized in nuclei and perinuclear cytoplasm of most of the neurons in the central nervous system of mammals. Monoclonal antibodies to the NeuN protein have been actively used in the immunohistochemical research of neuronal differentiation to assess the functional state of neurons in norm and pathology for more than 20 years. Recently, NeuN antibodies have begun to be applied in the differential morphological diagnosis of cancer. However, the structure of the protein, which can be revealed by antibodies to NeuN, remained unknown until recently, and the functions of the protein are still not fully clear. In …

PARP1 Inhibitors: Antitumor Drug Design

Malyuchenko N.V.,

Kotova E.Y.,

Kulaeva O.I.,

Kirpichnikov M.P.,

Studitskiy V.M

Опубликована Янв. 1, 2015

The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) enzyme is one of the promising molecular targets for the discovery of antitumor drugs. PARP1 is a common nuclear protein (1-2 million molecules per cell) serving as a “sensor” for DNA strand breaks. Increased PARP1 expression is sometimes observed in melanomas, breast cancer, lung cancer, and other neoplastic diseases. The PARP1 expression level is a prognostic indicator and is associated with a poor survival prognosis. There is evidence that high PARP1 expression and treatment-resistance of tumors are correlated. PARP1 inhibitors are promising antitumor agents, since they act as chemo- and radiosensitizers in the conventional …

Theories of Aging: An Ever-Evolving Field

Sergiev P.V.,

Dontsova O.A.,

Berezkin G.V.

Опубликована Янв. 1, 2015

Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it.

Survival guide: Escherichia coli in the stationary phase

Pletnev P.I.,

Bogdanov A.А.,

Dontsova O.А.,

Osterman I.А.,

Sergiev P.V.

Опубликована Янв. 1, 2015

This review centers on the stationary phase of bacterial culture. The basic processes specific to the stationary phase, as well as the regulatory mechanisms that allow the bacteria to survive in conditions of stress, are described.