Rates of gut microbiome divergence in mammals

Molecular Ecology, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 27(8), С. 1884 - 1897

Опубликована: Дек. 31, 2017

The variation and taxonomic diversity among mammalian gut microbiomes raises several questions about the factors that contribute to rates patterns of change in these microbial communities. By comparing microbiome compositions 112 species representing 14 orders, we assessed how host ecological diversification. Except rare cases, same bacterial phyla predominate microbiomes, there has been some convergence according dietary category across all mammalians lineages except Chiropterans (bats), which possess high proportions Proteobacteria tend be most similar one another regardless diet. At lower ranks (families, genera, 97% OTUs), bacteria are more likely associated with a particular lineage than category, resulting strong phylogenetic signal degree diverge. Despite different physiologies, have diverged at roughly rate over past 75 million years; however, Cetartiodactyla (ruminants, whales, hippopotami) evolved much faster those slower. Contrary expectations, number transitions within does not influence divergence, but instead, dramatic changes loss taxa, such as accompanying transition from terrestrial marine lifestyles evolution hominids.

Язык: Английский

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Dynamics of Insect–Microbiome Interaction Influence Host and Microbial Symbiont

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 11

Опубликована: Июнь 26, 2020

Insects share an intimate relationship with their gut microflora and this symbiotic association has developed into essential evolutionary outcome intended for survival through extreme environmental conditions. While it been clearly established that insects, very few exceptions, associate several microbes during life cycle, information regarding aspects of these associations is yet to be fully unraveled. Acquisition bacteria by insects marks the onset microbial symbiosis, which followed adaptation bacterial species environment prolonged sustenance successful transmission across generations. Although insect-microbiome have reported each distinctive features, diversifications specializations, still unclear as what led diversifications. Recent studies indicated involvement various processes operating within insect body govern transition a free-living microbe obligate or facultative symbiont eventually leading establishment diversification relationships. Data from studies, summarized in review, indicate partners i.e. undergo genetic, biochemical physiological changes profound influence on cycle biology. An interesting insect-microbe interaction compliance partner its eventual genome reduction. Endosymbionts possess smaller compared forms, thus raising question reductive evolution partner? This review attempts highlight fate implications both host. discussion specific would too voluminous outside scope we present overview some recent contribute better understanding trajectory dynamics speculate that, future, nature could pave path sustainable environmentally safe way controlling economically important pests crop plants.

Язык: Английский

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Captivity and Animal Microbiomes: Potential Roles of Microbiota for Influencing Animal Conservation

Microbial Ecology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 85(3), С. 820 - 838

Опубликована: Март 22, 2022

Язык: Английский

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Modulation of the Gastrointestinal Microbiome with Nondigestible Fermentable Carbohydrates To Improve Human Health

Microbiology Spectrum, Год журнала: 2017, Номер 5(5)

Опубликована: Сен. 22, 2017

ABSTRACT There is a clear association between the gastrointestinal (GI) microbiome and development of chronic noncommunicable diseases, providing rationale for strategies that target GI microbiota to improve human health. In this article, we discuss potential supplementing diet with nondigestible fermentable carbohydrates (NDFCs) modulate composition, structure, diversity, metabolic in an attempt prevent or treat disease. The current concepts by which NDFCs can be administered humans, including prebiotics, dietary fibers, microbiota-accessible carbohydrates, as well mechanisms these exert their health benefits, are discussed. Epidemiological research presents compelling evidence effects NDFCs, clinical studies further support some benefits. However, rigorously designed intervention well-established markers microbial endpoints still essential establish (i) efficiency specific (ii) causal role effects, (iii) underlying involved, (iv) degree inter-individual differences microbiomes influence effects. Such would provide mechanistic understanding needed systematic application via modulation while also allowing personalization strategies.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiome Composition in Non-human Primates Consuming a Western or Mediterranean Diet

Frontiers in Nutrition, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 5

Опубликована: Апрель 25, 2018

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract harbors a highly diverse and dynamic community of bacteria. array this gut bacterial community, which functions collectively as fully unified organ in the host metabolism, varies greatly among different species can be shaped by long-term nutritional interventions. Non-human primates, our close phylogenetic relatives ancestors, provide an excellent model for studying diet-microbiome interaction; however, compared to clinical rodent studies, research targeting primate microbiome has been limited. Herein, we analyze composition female cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis; n = 20) after (2.5 years) consumption diets designed mimic recent human Western- (WD; 10) or Mediterranean-type (MD; diets. Microbiome diversity MD consumers was significantly higher Shannon index WD consumers, with similar but non-significant trends noted metrics richness (Chao 1), observed operational taxonomic units (OTUs) (PD) whole Tree. Compared MD, group demonstrated Firmicutes-Bacteroides ratio abundance families Clostridiacea Lactobacillaceae. Further analyses reveal genera Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Oscillospira lower Ruminococcus Coprococcus relative consumers. OTUs belonging several also show significant differences between two groups, Lactobacillus demonstrating prominently data primates consuming should useful further studies aimed at understanding diet-microbiome-health interactions primates.

Язык: Английский

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Roles of the gut microbiota in the adaptive evolution of mammalian species

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2020, Номер 375(1808), С. 20190597 - 20190597

Опубликована: Авг. 9, 2020

Every mammalian species harbours a gut microbiota, and variation in the microbiota within can have profound effects on host phenotypes. In this review, we summarize recent evidence that microbiotas influenced course of adaptation diversification. Associations with have: (i) promoted diversification by enabling dietary transitions onto difficult-to-digest carbon sources toxic food items; (ii) shaped evolution adaptive phenotypic plasticity through amplification signals from external environment postnatal developmental processes; (iii) generated selection for mechanisms, including innate immune to control benefit fitness. The stability specific lineages varies substantially across phylogeny, may alter ultimate evolutionary outcomes relationships different clades. some species, humans, species-specific appear led dependence certain functions. These studies implicate as significant environmental factor selective agent shaping diet, plasticity, gastrointestinal morphology immunity. This article is part theme issue 'The role microbiome evolution'.

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome of nonhuman primates: Lessons in ecology and evolution

American Journal of Primatology, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 80(6)

Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2018

The mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract is home to trillions of bacteria that play a substantial role in host metabolism and immunity. While progress has been made understanding the microbial communities human health disease, much less attention given host‐associated microbiomes nonhuman primates (NHPs). Here we review past current research exploring gut microbiome NHPs. First, summarize methods for characterization NHP microbiome. Then discuss variation composition function across different taxa. Finally, highlight how studying offers new insights into primate nutrition, physiology, immune system function, as well enhances our ecology evolution. Microbiome approaches are useful tools relevant issues ecology. Further study NHPs will offer insight evolution health.

Язык: Английский

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Human Salivary Amylase Gene Copy Number Impacts Oral and Gut Microbiomes

Cell Host & Microbe, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 25(4), С. 553 - 564.e7

Опубликована: Апрель 1, 2019

Язык: Английский

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The gut microbiome as a driver of individual variation in cognition and functional behaviour

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Год журнала: 2018, Номер 373(1756), С. 20170286 - 20170286

Опубликована: Авг. 13, 2018

Research into proximate and ultimate mechanisms of individual cognitive variation in animal populations is a rapidly growing field that incorporates physiological, behavioural evolutionary investigations. Recent studies humans laboratory animals have shown the enteric microbial community plays central role brain function development. The ‘gut–brain axis’ represents multi-directional signalling system encompasses neurological, immunological hormonal pathways. In particular it tightly linked with hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA), regulates stress hormone release influences development function. Experimental examination microbiome through manipulation diet, infection, exercise, suggests direct effects on cognition, including learning memory. However, our understanding these processes natural extremely limited. Here, we outline how recent advances predominantly laboratory-based research can be applied to differences cognition. across natal adult environments will help unravel interplay between gut community. Focus cognition reveal new insight environmental constraints drive variation. This article part theme issue ‘Causes consequences abilities’.

Язык: Английский

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Gut microbiome-Mediterranean diet interactions in improving host health

F1000Research, Год журнала: 2019, Номер 8, С. 699 - 699

Опубликована: Май 21, 2019

The gut microbiota plays a fundamental role in host health and disease. Host diet is one of the most significant modulators microbial community its metabolic activities. Evidence demonstrates that dietary patterns such as 'Western diet' perturbations microbiome (dysbiosis) have strong associations with wide range human diseases, including obesity, syndrome, type-2 diabetes cardiovascular diseases. However, consumption Mediterranean-style diets considered healthy associated prevention colorectal cancers many other Such beneficial effects Mediterranean might be attributed to high proportion fibers, mono- poly-unsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants polyphenols. Concurrent literature has demonstrated modulation following humans well experimental animal models rodents. We recently similar positive changes non-human primates consuming for long term (30 months). Therefore, it rational speculate this diversity, composition function main factors intermediating on host. present perspective discusses evidences induces rodents, subjects, potential metabolites catalysts various

Язык: Английский

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