Evaporation
of
multicomponent
liquids
plays
a
crucial
role
in
industrial
applications
as
well
biological
and
physical
phenomena.
We
begin
this
thesis
by
discussing
the
importance
evaporation
describing
physicochemical
hydrodynamics
triggered
confined
(Chapter
1).In
Chapter
2,
we
study
droplets
containing
water,
glycerol,
colloidal
particles
using
experiments,
simulations,
analytical
modelling.
show
that
solutal
Marangoni
flow
water
leads
to
formation
‘Marangoni
ring’.
However,
also
surfactants
non-hydrodynamic
interactions
might
be
fully
explain
all
processes
system.In
Chapters
3
4,
supraparticles
created
evaporating
ternary
(Ouzo)
particles.
In
particular,
changing
size
individual
changes
final
shape
supraparticle
3).
Moreover,
surface
charge
hydration
could
even
suppress
4).
Thus,
can
tune
carefully
choosing
properties
constituent
particles.In
5,
show,
experiments
adding
glycerol
slows
down
from
capillary
tube.
Using
simplified
model,
how
diffusion,
advection,
liquid
column,
interfacial
concentration
determine
different
regimes.In
short,
studied
spectacular
intriguing
two
complementary
systems:
capillaries.
These
studies
extended
produce
novel
multifunctional
supraparticles,
have
deeper
understanding
drying
respiratory
droplets,
for
further
technological
advancements
inkjet
printing.
Preventive
measures
to
reduce
infection
are
needed
combat
the
COVID-19
pandemic
and
prepare
for
a
possible
endemic
phase.
Current
prophylactic
vaccines
highly
effective
prevent
disease
but
lose
their
ability
viral
transmission
as
evolution
leads
increasing
immune
escape.
Long-term
proactive
public
health
policies
must
therefore
complement
vaccination
with
available
nonpharmaceutical
interventions
aiming
risk
in
spaces.
Here,
we
revisit
quantitative
assessment
of
airborne
risk,
considering
asymptotic
limits
that
considerably
simplify
its
expression.
We
show
aerosol
is
product
three
factors:
biological
factor
depends
on
strain,
hydrodynamical
defined
ratio
concentration
particles
between
inhaled
exhaled
air,
face
mask
filtering
factor.
The
short-range
contribution
present
both
indoors
outdoors,
related
turbulent
dispersion
aerosols
by
air
drafts
convection
(indoors),
or
wind
(outdoors).
experimentally
droplets
CO
Airborne
pathogens
retain
prolonged
infectious
activity
once
attached
to
the
indoor
environment,
posing
a
pervasive
threat
public
health.
Conventional
air
filters
suffer
from
ineffective
inactivation
of
physics-separated
microorganisms,
and
chemical-based
antimicrobial
materials
face
challenges
poor
stability/efficiency
inefficient
viral
inactivation.
We,
therefore,
developed
rapid,
reliable
method
against
bacteria/viruses
using
large-scale
tunneling
charge–motivated
disinfection
device
fabricated
by
directly
dispersing
monolayer
graphene
on
insulators.
Free
charges
can
be
stably
immobilized
under
through
effect.
The
stored
motivate
continuous
electron
loss
microorganisms
for
accelerated
disinfection,
overcoming
diffusion
limitation
chemical
disinfectants.
Complete
(>99.99%)
broad-spectrum
was
achieved
<1
min
attachment
scaled-up
(25
square
centimeters),
reliably
72
hours
at
high
temperature
(60°C)
humidity
(90%).
This
readily
applied
high-touch
surfaces
in
environments
pathogen
control.
Journal of The Royal Society Interface,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
21(215)
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
The
inactivation
of
viruses
in
aerosol
particles
(aerosols)
and
droplets
depends
on
many
factors,
but
the
precise
mechanisms
are
not
known.
system
involves
complex
physical
biochemical
interactions.
We
reviewed
literature
to
establish
current
knowledge
about
these
identify
gaps.
identified
168
relevant
papers
grouped
results
by
following
factors:
virus
type
structure,
or
droplet
size,
temperature,
relative
humidity
(RH)
evaporation,
chemical
composition
droplet,
pH
atmospheric
composition.
These
factors
influence
dynamic
microenvironment
surrounding
a
virion
thus
may
affect
its
inactivation.
Results
indicate
that
experience
biphasic
decay
as
carrier
aerosols
undergo
evaporation
equilibrate
with
air,
their
final
state
(liquid,
semi-solid
solid)
RH.
Virus
stability,
RH
temperature
interrelated,
effects
multifaceted
still
completely
understood.
Studies
impact
stability
have
raised
new
questions
require
further
exploration.
frequent
practice
studying
large
culture
media
limit
our
understanding
for
transmission,
so
we
encourage
use
physiologically
size
future
research.
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
Год журнала:
2023,
Номер
89(3)
Опубликована: Март 1, 2023
The
outbreak
of
SARS-CoV-2
has
emphasized
the
need
for
a
deeper
understanding
infectivity,
spread,
and
treatment
airborne
viruses.
Bacteriophages
(phages)
serve
as
ideal
surrogates
respiratory
pathogenic
viruses
thanks
to
their
high
tractability
structural
similarities
tailless
phages
bear
viral
pathogens.
However,
aerosolization
enveloped
surrogate
phi6
usually
results
in
>3-log10
reduction
viability,
limiting
its
usefulness
aerosolized
coronavirus
"real
world"
contexts,
such
sneeze
or
cough.
Recent
work
shown
that
saliva
artificial
greatly
improves
stability
aerosols
microdroplets
relative
standard
dilution/storage
buffers
like
suspension
medium
(SM)
buffer.
These
findings
led
us
investigate
whether
we
could
formulate
media
preserves
viability
other
artificially
derived
aerosols.
Results
indicate
SM
buffer
supplemented
with
bovine
serum
albumin
(BSA)
significantly
recovery
phi6,
MS2,
80α
outperforms
commercially
formulated
saliva.
Particle
sizing
acoustic
particle
trapping
data
BSA
supplementation
dose-dependently
survivability
by
reducing
extent
evaporation.
suggest
our
preservation
may
facilitate
lower-cost
alternative
future
applied
aerobiology
studies.
IMPORTANCE
We
have
identified
common
inexpensive
lab
reagents
confer
increased
aerosol
on
phages.
Our
soluble
protein
is
key
protective
component
nebulizing
medium.
Protein
likely
reduces
exposure
phage
air-water
interface
will
be
useful
applications
which
researchers
wish
improve
these
(and
other)
better
approximate
highly
transmissible
SARS-CoV-2.
Airborne
SARS-CoV-2
virus
surveillance
faces
challenges
in
complicated
biomarker
enrichment,
interferences
from
various
non-specific
matters
and
extremely
low
viral
load
the
urban
ambient
air,
leading
to
difficulties
detecting
bioaerosols.
This
work
reports
a
highly
specific
bioanalysis
platform,
with
an
exceptionally
limit-of-detection
(≤1
copy
m-3
)
good
analytical
accordance
RT-qPCR,
relying
on
surface-mediated
electrochemical
signaling
enzyme-assisted
signal
amplification,
enabling
gene
amplification
for
accurate
identification
quantitation
of
doses
human
coronavirus
229E
(HCoV-229E)
viruses
air.
provides
laboratory
test
using
cultivated
simulate
airborne
spread
SARS-CoV-2,
validate
that
platform
could
reliably
detect
reveal
transmission
characteristics.
bioassay
conducts
real-world
HCoV-229E
particulate
collected
road-side
residential
areas
Bern
Zurich
(Switzerland)
Wuhan
(China),
resultant
concentrations
verified
by
RT-qPCR.
Aerosol Science and Technology,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
58(5), С. 512 - 535
Опубликована: Март 8, 2024
UV
light
at
222
nm
inactivates
SARS-CoV-2
virions
intensities
appearing
to
be
benign
skin
and
eyes.
It
can
disinfect
air
without
requiring
protection
of
persons
from
as
is
needed
longer
wavelengths.
The
lower
risk
damage
222-nm
results
enhanced
absorption
this
in
the
outermost
parts
eyes
skin.
Microbes
partially
shielded
250-
285-nm
when
host
particles.
Does
higher
increase
shielding
microbes
within
particles,
if
so,
what
extent?
We
use
literature
values
approximate
compositions
optical
properties
four
types
fluids
respiratory
tract
mouth.
model
spherical
particles
(homogeneous
except
for
virions),
calculate
absorbed
by
virions,
these
survival
fractions
(Sp).
find
that
relatively
small
generated
quiet
breathing
(typically
1.5-µm
or
smaller).
For
larger
increases
host-particle
diameter
increases.
Shielding
greater
222-
than
254-nm
all
pairs
UV-fluence
particle-diameters
calculated.
eye-safety
thresholds
allow
fluences
shorter
inactivation
times.
Because
size
increases,
because
significant
airborne
disease-transmitting
have
>1.5-µm,
it
appears
sizes
must
considered
designing
verifying
systems
such
Journal of Fluid Mechanics,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
983
Опубликована: Март 21, 2024
Evaporation
of
multi-component
liquid
mixtures
in
confined
geometries,
such
as
capillaries,
is
crucial
applications
microfluidics,
two-phase
cooling
devices
and
inkjet
printing.
Predicting
the
behaviour
systems
becomes
challenging
because
evaporation
triggers
complex
spatio-temporal
changes
composition
mixture.
These
composition,
turn,
affect
evaporation.
In
present
work,
we
study
aqueous
glycerol
solutions
contained
a
column
capillary
tube.
Experiments
direct
numerical
simulations
show
three
regimes
characterised
by
different
temporal
evolutions
normalised
mass
transfer
rate
(or
Sherwood
number
$Sh$
),
namely
$Sh
(\tilde{t}
)
=
1$
,
\sim
1/\sqrt
{\tilde{t}
}$
\exp
(-\tilde{t}
)$
where
$\tilde
{t}$
time.
We
simplistic
analytical
model
that
shows
dynamics
can
be
expressed
classical
relation
(
\tilde{t}
)\,\mathrm
{erfc}
\sqrt
})$
.
For
small
medium
$\tilde{t}$
this
expression
results
first
second
observed
scaling
regimes,
respectively.
This
formulated
limit
pure
diffusion
when
penetration
depth
$\delta
(t)$
front
much
smaller
than
length
$L(t)$
column.
When
\approx
L$
finite-length
effects
lead
to
i.e.
third
regime.
Finally,
extend
our
incorporate
effect
advection
determine
conditions
under
which
important.
Our
provide
fundamental
insights
into
physics
selective
from
