Recent Insights into the Biological Action of Heavy-Ion Radiation

Journal of Radiation Research, Год журнала: 2009, Номер 50(1), С. 1 - 9

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2009

Biological effectiveness varies with the linear energy transfer (LET) of ionizing radiation. During cancer therapy or long-term interplanetary manned explorations, humans are exposed to high-LET energetic heavy ions that inactivate cells more effectively than low-LET photons like X-rays and γ-rays. Recent biological studies have illustrated overcome tumor radioresistance caused by Bcl-2 overexpression, p53 mutations intratumor hypoxia, possess antiangiogenic antimetastatic potential. Compared alone, combination chemical agents (a inhibitor HA14-1, an anticancer drug docetaxel, a halogenated pyrimidine analogue 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine) hyperthermia further enhances cell killing. Beer, its certain constituents, melatonin ameliorate ion-induced damage normal cells. In addition effects in directly targeted ions, there is mounting evidence for nontargeted not themselves been irradiated. The bystander effect manifests itself as loss clonogenic potential, transient apoptotic response, delayed phosphorylation, alterations gene expression profiles, elevated frequency mutations, micronuclei chromosome aberrations, which arise nonirradiated having received signals from irradiated Proposed mediating mechanisms involve gap junctional intercellular communication, reactive oxygen species nitric oxide. This paper reviews briefly current knowledge heavy-ion irradiation focus on recent findings regarding potential benefits therapeutic use well effect.

Язык: Английский

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Whole Brain Radiation-Induced Cognitive Impairment: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets

Biomolecules & Therapeutics, Год журнала: 2012, Номер 20(4), С. 357 - 370

Опубликована: Июль 31, 2012

Radiation therapy, the most commonly used for treatment of brain tumors, has been shown to be major significance in tumor control and survival rate patients. About 200,000 patients with are treated either partial large field or whole radiation every year United States. The use therapy however, may lead devastating functional deficits several months years after treatment. In particular, results a significant reduction learning memory as long-term consequences Although number vitro vivo studies have demonstrated pathogenesis radiation-mediated injury, cellular molecular mechanisms by which induces damage normal tissue remain largely unknown. Therefore, this review focuses on pathophysiological radiation-induced cognitive impairment identification novel therapeutic targets. Specifically, we current knowledge about effects pro-oxidative pro-inflammatory pathways, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) system extracellular (ECM), physiological angiogenesis brain. These provide foundation defining new basis related etiology that occurs among response therapy. It also opportunities interventions who undergoing

Язык: Английский

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Development of Antioxidant COX-2 Inhibitors as Radioprotective Agents for Radiation Therapy—A Hypothesis-Driven Review

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 5(2), С. 14 - 14

Опубликована: Апрель 19, 2016

Radiation therapy (RT) evolved to be a primary treatment modality for cancer patients. Unfortunately, the cure or relief of symptoms is still accompanied by radiation-induced side effects with severe acute and late pathophysiological consequences. Inhibitors cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are potentially useful in this regard because radioprotection normal tissue and/or radiosensitizing on tumor have been described several compounds structurally diverse class. This review aims substantiate hypothesis that antioxidant COX-2 inhibitors promising radioprotectants intercepting oxidative stress inflammation tissue, especially vascular system. For this, literature reporting COX exerting radioprotective action as well will reviewed comprehensively aim find cross-points both and, that, stimulate further research field agents.

Язык: Английский

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Melatonin: A Potential Anti-Oxidant Therapeutic Agent for Mitochondrial Dysfunctions and Related Disorders

Rejuvenation Research, Год журнала: 2015, Номер 19(1), С. 21 - 40

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2015

Mitochondria play a central role in cellular physiology. Besides their classic function of energy metabolism, mitochondria are involved multiple cell functions, including distribution through the cell, energy/heat modulation, regulation reactive oxygen species (ROS), calcium homeostasis, and control apoptosis. Simultaneously, main producer target ROS with result that mitochondrial diseases related to ROS-induced injuries. Increased free radical generation, enhanced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, (NO) production, decreased respiratory complex impaired electron transport system, opening permeability transition pores have all been suggested as factors responsible for function. Because these, neurodegenerative diseases, such Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington's (HD), aging, caused by dysfunctions. Melatonin, major hormone pineal gland, also acts an anti-oxidant regulator bioenergetic Melatonin is selectively taken up membranes, not shared other anti-oxidants, thus has emerged potential therapeutic tool treating disorders. Multiple vitro vivo experiments shown protective melatonin preventing oxidative stress–induced dysfunction seen experimental models PD, AD, HD. With these functions mind, this article reviews mechanistic insights against suggests new avenues safe effective treatment modalities devastating diseases. Future discussed.

Язык: Английский

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The radioprotective effect of metformin against cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by ionizing radiation in cultured human blood lymphocytes

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Год журнала: 2016, Номер 809, С. 24 - 32

Опубликована: Сен. 9, 2016

Язык: Английский

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