Germline stem cells in human

Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 7(1)

Опубликована: Окт. 2, 2022

Abstract The germline cells are essential for the propagation of human beings, thus survival mankind. stem cells, as a unique cell type, generate various states germ and then differentiate into specialized spermatozoa ova, producing offspring, while self-renew to more cells. Abnormal development often causes severe diseases in humans, including infertility cancer. Primordial (PGCs) first emerge during early embryonic development, migrate gentile ridge, join formation gonads. In males, they spermatogonial which give rise via meiosis from onset puberty, females, female (FGSCs) retain stemness ovary initiate oocytes. cell-like (PGCLCs) can be induced vitro or pluripotent this review, we focus on current advances these adult PGCLCs provide an overview molecular mechanisms underlying differentiation outline their physiological functions, pathological implications, clinical applications.

Язык: Английский

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Organogenetic transcriptomes of the Drosophila embryo at single cell resolution

Development, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 151(2)

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2024

ABSTRACT To gain insight into the transcription programs activated during formation of Drosophila larval structures, we carried out single cell RNA sequencing two periods embryogenesis: stages 10-12, when most organs are first specified and initiate morphological physiological specialization; 13-16, achieve their final mature architectures begin to function. Our data confirm previous findings with regards functional specialization some – salivary gland trachea clarify embryonic functions another plasmatocytes. We also identify early developmental trajectories in germ cells uncover a potential role for proteolysis germline stem specialization. likely type origin key components matrisome several commonly used culture lines. Finally, compare our other recent related studies modalities identifying tissue-specific gene expression patterns. These provide useful community resource many new players morphogenesis developing organs.

Язык: Английский

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Germline/soma distinction in Drosophila embryos requires regulators of zygotic genome activation

eLife, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 4, 2023

In Drosophila melanogaster embryos, somatic versus germline identity is the first cell fate decision. Zygotic genome activation (ZGA) orchestrates regionalized gene expression, imparting specific on cells. ZGA begins with a minor wave that commences at nuclear cycle (NC)8 under guidance of chromatin accessibility factors (Zelda, CLAMP, GAF), followed by major during NC14. By contrast, primordial germ (PGC) specification requires maternally deposited and posteriorly anchored determinants. This accomplished centrosome coordinated release sequestration plasm precocious cellularization PGCs in NC10. Here, we report novel requirement for Zelda CLAMP establishment germline/soma distinction. When their activity compromised, PGC determinants are not properly sequestered, disrupted. Conversely, spreading from posterior pole adversely influences transcription neighboring nuclei. These reciprocal aberrations can be correlated defects duplication/separation known to induce inappropriate transmission plasm. Interestingly, consistent ability bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling influence embryonic PGCs, reduction transcript levels BMP family ligand, decapentaplegic ( dpp ), exacerbated pole.

Язык: Английский

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The conserved genetic program of male germ cells uncovers ancient regulators of human spermatogenesis

eLife, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Male germ cells share a common origin across animal species, therefore they likely retain conserved genetic program that defines their cellular identity. However, the unique evolutionary dynamics of male coupled with widespread leaky transcription pose significant obstacles to identification core spermatogenic program. Through network analysis spermatocyte transcriptome vertebrate and invertebrate we describe metazoan at molecular level. We estimate average functional requirement cell correspond expression approximately 10,000 protein-coding genes, third which scaffold deeply genes has been retained throughout evolution. Such contains set 79 associations between 104 gene regulators represent component spermatogenesis. By genetically interfering acquisition maintenance identity, uncover 161 previously unknown spermatogenesis three new potential causes human infertility. These findings emphasize importance history on reproductive disease establish cross-species analytical pipeline can be repurposed other types pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Geraldine Seydoux

Journal of Molecular Biology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 169083 - 169083

Опубликована: Март 1, 2025

I am the Huntington Sheldon Professor of Medical Discovery in Department Molecular Biology and Genetics School Medicine at Johns Hopkins University, where have been running a lab for 30 years. Our research focusses on molecular control embryonic polarity germline development, with an emphasis asymmetric cell division biomolecular condensates. We uncovered mechanisms that localize proteins RNAs cytoplasm by controlling protein diffusion RNA condensation. My has also characterized repressive program launches inhibiting somatic gene expression progenitors.

Язык: Английский

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The embryonic origin of primordial germ cells in the tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris

Developmental Biology, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 497, С. 42 - 58

Опубликована: Март 7, 2023

Язык: Английский

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In vitro culture of reptile PGCS to preserve endangered species

Cell Biology International, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 47(8), С. 1314 - 1326

Опубликована: Май 13, 2023

Abstract Primordial germ cells (PGCs), are the source of gametes in vertebrates. There similarities development PGCs reptiles with avian and mammalian species development. culture has been performed for but there is no report reptilian culture. In vitro needed to produce transgenic animals, preservation endangered animals studies on cell behaviour research fertility. Reptiles traded as exotic pets a food they valuable their skin useful model medical research. Transgenic reptile suggested be pet industry this different aspects was compared three main classes vertebrates including mammalian, species. It proposed that discussion between helps find clues details finding an efficient protocol PG.

Язык: Английский

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The conserved genetic program of male germ cells uncovers ancient regulators of human spermatogenesis

bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Год журнала: 2022, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Март 2, 2022

Summary Male germ cells share a common origin across animal species, therefore they likely retain conserved genetic program that defines their cellular identity. However, the unique evolutionary dynamics of male coupled with widespread leaky transcription pose significant obstacles to identification core spermatogenic program. Through network analysis spermatocyte transcriptome vertebrate and invertebrate we describe metazoan at molecular level. We estimate average functional requirement cell correspond expression approximately 10,000 protein-coding genes, third which scaffold deeply genes has been retained throughout evolution. Such contains set 79 associations between 104 gene regulators represent component spermatogenesis. By genetically interfering acquisition maintenance identity, uncover 161 previously unknown spermatogenesis three new potential causes human infertility. These findings emphasize importance history on reproductive disease establish cross-species analytical pipeline can be repurposed other types pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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Germ plasm dynamics during oogenesis and early embryonic development in Xenopus and zebrafish

Molecular Reproduction and Development, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 91(8)

Опубликована: Дек. 21, 2023

Specification of the germline and its segregation from soma mark one most crucial events in lifetime an organism. In different organisms, this specification can occur through either inheritance or inductive mechanisms. species such as Xenopus zebrafish, primordial germ cells relies on maternal determinants that are synthesized sequestered plasm during oogenesis. review, we discuss formation plasm, how recruited into oogenesis, dynamics oogenesis early embryonic development.

Язык: Английский

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The conserved genetic program of male germ cells uncovers ancient regulators of human spermatogenesis

Опубликована: Май 20, 2024

Male germ cells share a common origin across animal species, therefore they likely retain conserved genetic program that defines their cellular identity. However, the unique evolutionary dynamics of male coupled with widespread leaky transcription pose significant obstacles to identification core spermatogenic program. Through network analysis spermatocyte transcriptome vertebrate and invertebrate we describe metazoan at molecular level. We estimate average functional requirement cell correspond expression approximately 10,000 protein-coding genes, third which scaffold deeply genes has been retained throughout evolution. Such contains set 79 associations between 104 gene regulators represent component spermatogenesis. By genetically interfering acquisition maintenance identity, uncover 161 previously unknown spermatogenesis three new potential causes human infertility. These findings emphasize importance history on reproductive disease establish cross-species analytical pipeline can be repurposed other types pathologies.

Язык: Английский

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