Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(11), С. 9577 - 9577

Опубликована: Май 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Язык: Английский

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Chronic inflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 modulates gut microbiome: a review of literature on COVID-19 sequelae and gut dysbiosis

Molecular Medicine, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 31(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 23, 2025

Язык: Английский

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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 11(7), С. 1849 - 1849

Опубликована: Июль 21, 2023

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence infections microbiome, impact dysbiosis infection pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. clinical variability observed SARS-CoV-2 seasonal influenza infections, presence natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, may contribute pathogenesis. has been shown host system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with cells. This review aims enhance our understanding how perturb mucosal cells, affecting response Specifically, we focus exploring between gamma delta (γδ) T cells microbes context inflammatory examine highlighting disease outcomes. Furthermore, discuss emerging evidence potential future directions for modulation therapy

Язык: Английский

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Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 17

Опубликована: Сен. 28, 2023

Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage severe respiratory syndrome 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some most persistent and common complaints this post-acute COVID-19 (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as “brain fog” also objectively measured deficits executive function, working memory, attention, processing speed. The mechanisms these sequelae currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels intestinal wall by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE2) receptors evoking production high levels systemic cytokines, compromising brain’s neurovascular unit, degrading barrier, potentially increasing permeability both harmful substances. Such substances hypothesized be produced gut pathogenic microbiota that, given profound effects has on gastrointestinal system, may fourish a result post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. therefore create scenario which neurotoxic neuroinflammatory readily proliferate lumen encounter weakened gaining access brain subsequently producing deficits. Here, we review proposed PACS pathogenesis along gut-brain axis, while identifying specific methodologies that available experimentally measure each individual component model.

Язык: Английский

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Microbiota-brain axis: Exploring the role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders - A comprehensive review

Asian Journal of Psychiatry, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 97, С. 104068 - 104068

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

Язык: Английский

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Mechanisms by Which SARS-CoV-2 Invades and Damages the Central Nervous System: Apart from the Immune Response and Inflammatory Storm, What Else Do We Know?

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(5), С. 663 - 663

Опубликована: Апрель 24, 2024

Initially reported as pneumonia of unknown origin, COVID-19 is increasingly being recognized for its impact on the nervous system, despite system invasions extremely rare. As a result, numerous studies have been conducted to elucidate mechanisms damage and propose appropriate coping strategies. This review summarizes by which SARS-CoV-2 invades damages central with specific focus aspects apart from immune response inflammatory storm. The latest research findings these are presented, providing new insights further in-depth research.

Язык: Английский

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COVID-19 and Multiple Sclerosis: A Complex Relationship Possibly Aggravated by Low Vitamin D Levels

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 12(5), С. 684 - 684

Опубликована: Фев. 21, 2023

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an exceptionally transmissible and pathogenic that appeared at the end of 2019 triggered a pandemic disease, known as disease (COVID-19). COVID-19 can evolve into severe associated with immediate delayed sequelae in different organs, including central nervous system (CNS). A topic deserves attention this context complex relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we initially described clinical immunopathogenic characteristics these two illnesses, accentuating fact can, defined patients, reach CNS, target tissue MS autoimmune process. The well-known contribution viral agents such Epstein-Barr virus postulated participation risk factor for triggering or worsening are then described. We emphasize vitamin D scenario, considering its relevance susceptibility, severity control both pathologies. Finally, discuss experimental animal models could be explored to better understand interplay diseases, possible use adjunct immunomodulator treat them.

Язык: Английский

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Clinical Characteristics During and After COVID‐19 Infection Among Healthcare Workers During the First Wave of Omicron in Chongqing, China

Immunity Inflammation and Disease, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2025

Revealing the clinical manifestations and associations of COVID-19 before after negative transition remains an area significant uncertainty. The aim this study is to investigate characteristics observed during Omicron infection among a specific population, namely healthcare workers (HCWs). From November 4, 2022, January 15, 2023, HCWs in our hospital were enrolled document symptoms, prevention, treatment for using structured questionnaire. A total 1101 included, with SARS-CoV-2 detected 78.20% (861/1101) observation period. median duration nucleic acid conversion was 8 days. Forty-three symptoms identified (11 per individual). common fever, cough, headache, phlegm production, fatigue (60.67%-83.29%). These can be further categorized into five groups: fever type, upper respiratory tract influenza digestive system systemic type-all showing complex diverse patterns. Following infection, 19 recorded including four newly emerged ones: reduced lung capacity, memory loss, lethargy, inattention. Importantly, we association between gastrointestinal positive phase subsequent neuropsychiatric conversion. Interestingly, females experiencing menstruation or pregnancy exhibited higher risk while inhaled vaccines thymosin demonstrated protective effect against infection. displayed intricate patterns, shedding new light on interplay humans.

Язык: Английский

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Do gastrointestinal symptoms influence neurocognitive functioning in COVID-19 patients?

Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 135, С. 111147 - 111147

Опубликована: Фев. 27, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Neurotropic enteric viruses in animals: Comparative research, knowledge gaps, and the role of pathology

Veterinary Pathology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Апрель 22, 2025

Enteric viruses are commonly associated with gastrointestinal diseases but have the capacity, mostly unknown triggers, to invade central nervous system (CNS). Neuropathogenic enteric (NEV) that able cross or bypass blood-brain barrier cause debilitating neurological inflammation and disease. The most notorious example of an virus potential neurotropism is poliovirus, a member Picornaviridae family. While poliovirus has been largely eradicated due extensive vaccination programs, other nonpolio picornaviruses, as well families, increasingly recognized causative agents in cases encephalitis origin. In past decade, cutting-edge high-throughput sequencing bioinformatics strategies revealed increasing number NEV various animal species. Information, especially pathogenesis studies, on relatively scarce. This review provides overview known CNS, which should support our awareness etiologic encourage diagnostic plan includes NEV. many knowledge gaps host susceptibility viral along gut-brain axis would benefit from increased discovery efforts deeper understanding affecting animals. Crossing species barriers common among viruses, so one-health approach increase human contribute effective monitor, manage, contain emerging zoonotic outbreaks.

Язык: Английский

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