Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Conventional and Novel Biomarkers in Diagnosing and Predicting Prognosis of Coronary Artery Disease, Acute Coronary Syndrome, and Heart Failure, a Comprehensive Literature Review

Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 17(6), С. 1258 - 1285

Опубликована: Июль 12, 2024

Язык: Английский

---

Galectin inhibitors and nanoparticles as a novel therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma multiforme

American Journal of Cancer Research, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 14(2), С. 774 - 795

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2024

Over the past two decades, gold standard of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment is unchanged and adjunctive therapy has offered little to prolong both quality quantity life. To improve pharmacotherapy for GBM, galectins are being studied provided their positive correlation with malignancy disease severity. Despite use galectin inhibitors literature displaying ability lectin proteins decrease tumor burden mortality within various malignancies, have not been GBM therapy. Interestingly, anti-galectin siRNA delivered in nanoparticle capsules, assisting blood brain barrier penetrance, well demonstrated a remarkable attenuate count. Provided that therapies an analogous effect, it hypothesized encapsuled nanoparticles will likely similar effect cells further correlate repressed burden.

Язык: Английский

---

Vincamine ameliorates hepatic fibrosis via inhibiting S100A4‐mediated farnesoid X receptor activation: based on liver microenvironment and enterohepatic circulation dependence

British Journal of Pharmacology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Фев. 12, 2025

Vincamine has extensive biological and pharmaceutical activity. We examined the hepatoprotective effects mechanisms by which vincamine suppresses hepatic fibrosis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), TGF-β stimulated, were cultured with either vincamine, farnesoid X receptor (NR1H4; FXR) agonist or antagonist. Further, C57BL/6 mice given thioacetamide (TAA) to induce fibrosis subsequently treated curcumin. regulated deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM), inflammatory factors S100A4, up-regulated FXR TGR5 (GPBA receptor) in activated HSCs, activating FXR. deficiency blocked effect on FXR, TGR5, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) IL1R1 LX-2 cells. corrected ECM imbalance, secretion FXR/TGR5 down-regulation stimulating medium from LPS-primed THP-1 S100A4 increased decreased IL-1β expression THP-1. macrophages could elevate LX-2, strengthening impact α-SMA expression. reduced serum ALT/AST levels, liver intestinal histopathological changes, caused accumulation protected barrier thioacetamide-induced mice. e.g. caspase 1 IL-1β, inhibited S100A4-mediated FXR-TGR5 pathway. significantly reverses via inhibiting involved crosstalk between Targeting dependence modulating environment may be key target

Язык: Английский

---

Galectin-1 in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Bridging Tumor Biology, Immune Evasion, and Therapeutic Opportunities

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 24(21), С. 15500 - 15500

Опубликована: Окт. 24, 2023

Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, with a complex interplay molecular pathways contributing its aggressive nature. Galectin-1 (Gal-1), member galectin family, has emerged as pivotal player in PDAC microenvironment, influencing various aspects from tumor growth and angiogenesis immune modulation. This review provides comprehensive overview multifaceted role PDAC. We delve into contributions stroma remodeling, angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, potential implications for therapeutic interventions. The challenges associated targeting Gal-1 are discussed, given pleiotropic functions complexities different cellular conditions. Additionally, promising prospects inhibition, including utilization nanotechnology theranostics, highlighted. By integrating recent findings shedding light on intricacies Gal-1's involvement PDAC, this aims provide insights that could guide future research strategies.

Язык: Английский

---

Matricellular proteins: Potential biomarkers in head and neck cancer

Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 18(2)

Опубликована: Апрель 9, 2024

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex network of diverse multidomain macromolecules, including collagen, proteoglycans, and fibronectin, that significantly contribute to the mechanical properties tissues. Matricellular proteins (MCPs), as family non-structural proteins, play crucial role in regulating various ECM functions. They exert their biological effects by interacting with cell surface receptors, cytokines, proteases. These interactions govern essential cellular processes such differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, migration well multiple signal transduction pathways. Consequently, MCPs are pivotal maintaining tissue homeostasis while orchestrating intricate molecular mechanisms within framework. expression level adult steady-state tissues low; however, under pathological conditions inflammation cancer, there substantial increase expression. In recent years, an increasing number studies have focused on elucidating significance development progression head neck cancer (HNC). During HNC progression, remarkable upregulation MCP Through distinctive structure function, they actively promote tumor growth, invasion, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, lymphatic metastasis cells. Moreover, binding integrins modulating signaling pathways, effectively execute Furthermore, also hold potential prognostic indicators. Although star been extensively investigated, remains plethora members necessitate further scrutiny. This article comprehensively examines functionalities each highlights research advancements context HNC, aim identify novel biomarkers for propose promising avenues future investigations.

Язык: Английский

---

The expression of Galectin‐9 correlates with mTOR and AMPK in murine colony‐forming erythroid progenitors

European Journal Of Haematology, Год журнала: 2024, Номер unknown

Опубликована: Июнь 10, 2024

Abstract Objectives Galectin‐9 (Gal‐9) is an immune checkpoint ligand for T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain 3. Although the roles of Gal‐9 in regulating responses have been well investigated, their biological yet to be fully documented. This study aimed analyse expression bone marrow (BM) cells C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Furthermore, co‐expression with mammalian target rapamycin (mTOR) AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) was investigated. Methods The BM adult mice were collected analysed vitro. Results In a flow cytometric analysis cells, highly expressed c‐Kit hi Sca‐1 − CD34 CD71 + erythroid progenitors (EPs), whereas it downregulated more differentiated lo TER119 cells. Subsequently, negative selection CD3 B220 CD41 CD16/32 EPs performed. resulted substantial enrichment Kit colony‐forming units (CFU‐Es), suggesting that subset are included population. we found had lower mTOR AMPK levels knockout B6 than wild‐type Conclusions These results may stimulate further investigation role haematopoiesis.

Язык: Английский

---

Ginseng-derived type I rhamnogalacturonan polysaccharide binds to galectin-8 and antagonizes its function

Journal of Ginseng Research, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 48(2), С. 202 - 210

Опубликована: Дек. 6, 2023

Panax ginseng Meyer polysaccharides exhibit various biological functions, like antagonizing galectin-3-mediated cell adhesion and migration. Galectin-8 (Gal-8), with its linker-joined N- C-terminal carbohydrate recognition domains (CRDs), is also crucial to these processes, thus plays a role in pathological disorders. Yet the effect of ginseng-derived modulating Gal-8 function has remained unclear. P. pectin was chromatographically isolated enzymatically digested obtain series polysaccharides. Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) quantified their binding affinity Gal-8, inhibitory effects on assessed by hemagglutination, migration T-cell apoptosis. Our consist mostly rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) homogalacturonan (HG). BLI shows that rests primarily RG-I β-1,4-galactan side chains, sub-micromolar KD values. Both CRDs bind RG-I, correlated Gal-8-mediated function. chains are This study enhances our understanding galectin-sugar interactions, information may be used development pharmaceutical agents targeting Gal-8.

Язык: Английский

---

Non-carbohydrate Galectin-1 inhibitors as promising anticancer agents: Design strategies, structure activity relationship and mechanistic insights

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11, С. 100170 - 100170

Опубликована: Май 14, 2024

Galectin-1 (gal-1) emerges as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Its pivotal involvement spans various stages of tumor progression, including transformation, cell adhesion migration, angiogenesis, immune escape. Although carbohydrate-based gal-1 inhibitors have been developed to selectively target its carbohydrate recognition domain, the main drawbacks include limited selectivity due high water solubility, poor pharmacokinetics, low therapeutic indices, expensive synthetic routes that lowers their utility overexpressed in cells. Hence, there is pressing need enhanced gal-1-targeting anticancer agents with improved pharmacokinetics selectivity. Various strategies explored, substituting nucleus bioactive heterocycles small molecules, employing sugar mimetics, or investigating alternative allosteric inhibition peptides peptidomimetics. This review describes multifaceted roles biology, rationalized approaches, design non-carbohydrate inhibitors, provides insights into structure-activity relationships mechanisms.

Язык: Английский

---

Can Galectin-3 Be a Novel Biomarker in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia?

Cells, Год журнала: 2023, Номер 13(1), С. 30 - 30

Опубликована: Дек. 22, 2023

Galectin-3’s (Gal-3) effect on the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has not yet been extensively studied. The present study aims to analyze potential role Gal-3 as a prognostic biomarker in CLL patients. expression was evaluated cells with RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Due unclear clinical significance soluble CLL, our goal also assess value plasma level. Because cell survival is significantly affected by interaction between proteins such Bcl-2, results analysis were compared Bcl-2. analyzed for known factors, data, endpoints time first treatment overall time. Our research confirmed that detected cells. However, using challenging due significant heterogeneity its Moreover, revealed mRNA leukemic B associated proliferation markers (Ki-67 PCNA) well anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 can play an important supporting

Язык: Английский

---

RG-I-containing sugar domains from Centella Asiatica bind strongly to galectin-3 to inhibit cell–cell interactions

Chemical and Biological Technologies in Agriculture, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11(1)

Опубликована: Июль 27, 2024

Centella Asiatica has been shown to have beneficial value for the treatment of tumors. However, its active ingredients and molecular mechanisms action not fully elucidated. Pectic polysaccharides are primary components from medicinal plants. Moreover, these regarded as potential inhibitors galectins, such galectin-1, -3, -7, that generally promote tumor growth. Nevertheless, detailed structural analysis pectic is sorely lacking, knowledge their interactions with galectins. Water-soluble (WCAP) isolated were purified into two homogeneous fractions (WCAP-A2b WCAP-A5b) by a combination anion-exchange gel-permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide composition, FT-IR, NMR enzymatic analyses used characterize features. Furthermore, between -7 series polysaccharides, including pectin domains produced hydrolysis, evaluated using hemagglutination biolayer interferometry. WCAP-A2b WCAP-A5b weight averaged weights 30.0 kDa 34.0 kDa, respectively, both consist rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), II (RG-II) homogalacturonan (HG) domains, mass ratios 1.3: 1.0: 1.4 1.1: 2.4, respectively. Their RG-I contain arabinan, galactan, and/or arabinogalactan, along neutral sugar side chains more prevalent in than WCAP-A5b. Hemagglutination interferometry binding assays indicate galectin-3 vis-à-vis galectin-1 binds strongly domain (likely via chains) WCAP-A5b, thereby inhibiting galectin-3-mediated cell–cell interactions. Our study provides information on Asiatica. Results suggest may be developed adhesion

Язык: Английский

---