Unraveling the Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in T Lymphocyte Signaling
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(11), С. 6114 - 6114
Опубликована: Июнь 1, 2024
Reactive
oxygen
species
(ROS)
are
central
to
inter-
and
intracellular
signaling.
Their
localized
transient
effects
due
their
short
half-life,
especially
when
generated
in
controlled
amounts.
Upon
T
cell
receptor
(TCR)
activation,
regulated
ROS
signaling
is
primarily
initiated
by
complexes
I
III
of
the
electron
transport
chain
(ETC).
Subsequent
production
triggers
activation
nicotinamide
adenine
dinucleotide
phosphate
oxidase
2
(NADPH
2),
prolonging
oxidative
signal.
This
signal
then
engages
kinase
cascades
such
as
mitogen-activated
protein
(MAPK)
pathway
increases
activity
REDOX-sensitive
transcription
factors
nuclear
factor-kappa
B
(NF-κB)
activator
protein-1
(AP-1).
To
limit
overproduction
prevent
stress,
factor
erythroid
2-related
(Nrf2)
antioxidant
proteins
superoxide
dismutases
(SODs)
finely
regulate
intensity
capable
terminating
needed.
Thus,
signals,
well-controlled
critical
for
cellular
communication.
Язык: Английский
Immunometabolism of Liver Xenotransplantation and Prospective Solutions
Advanced Science,
Год журнала:
2025,
Номер
unknown
Опубликована: Фев. 6, 2025
End-stage
liver
diseases,
such
as
hepatocellular
carcinoma
or
acute
failure,
critically
necessitate
transplantation.
However,
the
shortage
of
available
organ
donors
fails
to
meet
rapidly
growing
transplantation
demand.
Due
high
similarity
tissue
structure
and
metabolism
between
miniature
pigs
humans,
xenotransplantation
pig
livers
is
considered
a
potentially
viable
solution
scarcity.
In
2024,
teams
from
China
first
time
have
successfully
transplanted
genetically
modified
Bama
into
clinically
brain-dead
man
lasting
for
10
days.
This
milestone
in
human
research
not
only
confirms
feasibility
clinical
application
xenotransplantation,
but
also
underscores
daunting
protracted
nature
this
pathway.
Despite
advanced
gene-editing
technologies
theoretically
circumventing
occurrence
most
transplant
rejection
reactions,
patients
still
face
challenges
chronic
immune
rejection,
coagulation
disorders,
thrombotic
microangiopathy
after
receiving
xenografts.
Moreover,
prolonged
use
immunosuppressive
drugs
may
induce
irreversible
dysfunction,
leading
opportunistic
infections
metabolic
disorders.
article
compares
similarities
differences
humans
pigs,
summarizes
immunometabolism
based
on
current
findings,
provides
perspectives
pre-transplantation
post-transplantation
strategies
prolonging
survival
Язык: Английский
Enhanced ROS Production and Mitochondrial Metabolic Shifts in CD4+ T Cells of an Autoimmune Uveitis Model
International Journal of Molecular Sciences,
Год журнала:
2024,
Номер
25(21), С. 11513 - 11513
Опубликована: Окт. 26, 2024
Equine
recurrent
uveitis
(ERU)
is
a
spontaneously
occurring
autoimmune
disease
and
one
of
the
leading
causes
blindness
in
horses
worldwide.
Its
similarities
to
autoimmune-mediated
humans
make
it
unique
spontaneous
animal
model
for
this
disease.
Although
many
aspects
ERU
pathogenesis
have
been
elucidated,
remains
not
fully
understood
requires
further
research.
CD4+
T
cells
particular
focus
In
previous
study,
we
showed
metabolic
alterations
from
cases,
including
an
increased
basal
oxygen
consumption
rate
(OCR)
elevated
compensatory
glycolysis.
To
investigate
underlying
reasons
consequences
these
changes,
quantified
reactive
species
(ROS)
production
cases
compared
healthy
controls,
revealing
significantly
higher
ROS
ERU-affected
horses.
Additionally,
aimed
define
mitochondrial
fuel
oxidation
glucose,
glutamine,
long-chain
fatty
acids
(LCFAs)
identified
significant
differences
between
controls.
lower
dependency
on
glucose
greater
flexibility
LCFAs,
indicating
enhanced
ability
switch
alternative
fuels
when
necessary.
Язык: Английский