Antioxidants of Fruit Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Pathogenic Bacteria

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 11(3), С. 602 - 602

Опубликована: Март 21, 2022

Fruit is an essential part of the human diet and great interest because its richness in phytochemicals. Various fruit extracts from citrus, berries pomegranates have been shown to possess a broad spectrum medicinal properties. phytochemicals are considerable their antioxidant properties involving different mechanisms action, which can act against pathogenic bacteria. The capacity involves kinds reactions, such as radical scavenging chelation or complexation metal ions. interaction between bacteria has repercussions: it disrupts cell envelope, disturbs cell-cell communication gene regulation, suppresses metabolic enzymatic activities. Consequently, directly inhibit bacterial growth indirectly by modulating expression virulence factors, both reduce microbial pathogenicity. aim this review was report our current knowledge on various major bioactive compounds, determine effectiveness organic acids, terpenes, polyphenols, other types phenolic compounds with source antimicrobial agents.

Язык: Английский

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The anti-inflammatory effects of a Mediterranean diet: a review

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 25(6), С. 415 - 422

Опубликована: Авг. 30, 2022

Purpose of review Chronic noncommunicable diseases remain the leading cause morbidity and mortality worldwide majority are preventable with a healthy diet lifestyle, but controversy remains as to best approach. Greater adherence traditional Mediterranean has consistently been associated lower from cardiovascular disease, diabetes many cancers, all-cause mortality. Despite well known benefits on chronic disease risk there some scepticism effects this dietary pattern across populations outside mechanisms action plant-based pattern. This narrative aims summarize latest evidence health protective diseases, specifically focussing anti-inflammatory highly published Recent findings high-quality now supports in secondary prevention impacts atherosclerosis progression, likely through reduction systemic inflammation irrespective changes cholesterol or weight. The low Dietary Inflammatory Index illustrating its potential. beneficially modulates gut microbiota immune system, including emerging for efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus 2019). Emerging shows clinicians not routinely recommending despite due barriers such lack training, patient materials concerns about potential adherence. Summary physiological becoming better understood be multisystem involving gut. Larger controlled trials investigating mechanistic broader non-Mediterranean warranted. Although reflected therapeutic guidelines management individual, clinical practice system implementation that need multisectoral approach address.

Язык: Английский

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Dairy-Based Probiotic-Fermented Functional Foods: An Update on Their Health-Promoting Properties

Fermentation, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 8(9), С. 425 - 425

Опубликована: Авг. 27, 2022

Numerous studies have shown a link between the consumption of fermented dairy foods and improved health outcomes. Since early 2000s, especially probiotic-based functional foods, had revival in popularity, mostly as consequence claims made about their benefits. Among them, been associated with obesity prevention other conditions such chronic diarrhea, hypersensitivity, irritable bowel syndrome, Helicobacter pylori infection, lactose intolerance, gastroenteritis which all are intimately linked an unhealthy way life. A malfunctioning inflammatory response may affect intestinal epithelial barrier’s ability to function by interfering normal metabolic processes. In this regard, several that probiotics products improve human stimulating growth good bacteria gut at same time increasing production byproducts. The food matrix around probiotic plays important role survival these strains buffering protecting them from low pH, bile acids, harsh conditions. On average, cultured included higher concentrations lactic acid bacteria, some having much 109/mL or g. focus review is on mechanisms action, including impact microbiota regulation immune system. First, we discussed whey whey-based products, well organisms them. Followed probiotics, fermented-product-mediated modulation dendritic cells, natural killer neutrophils, cytokines, immunoglobulins, reinforcement barrier functions through tight junction. turn, providing ample evidence supports benefits for gastrointestinal related disorders.

Язык: Английский

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The Impact of Physical Exercise on Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress: Balancing the Benefits and Risks

Antioxidants, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 13(5), С. 573 - 573

Опубликована: Май 7, 2024

This review comprehensively evaluates the effects of physical exercise on oxidative and nitrosative stress, mainly focusing role antioxidants. Using a narrative synthesis approach, data from empirical studies, reviews, systematic meta-analyses published between 2004 2024 were collated databases like PubMed, EBSCO (EDS), Google Scholar, culminating in inclusion 41 studies. The quality these studies was rigorously assessed to ensure clarity objectives, coherence arguments, comprehensive literature coverage, depth critical analysis. Findings revealed that moderate enhances antioxidant defenses through hormesis, while excessive may exacerbate stress. also highlights natural dietary antioxidants are beneficial, high-dose supplements could impede positive adaptations exercise. In conclusion, calls for more focused research tailored nutrition plans further understand complex interactions optimize health outcomes athletes general population.

Язык: Английский

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Nutritional Strategies for Battling Obesity-Linked Liver Disease: the Role of Medical Nutritional Therapy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD) Management

Current Obesity Reports, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 14(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 11, 2025

This narrative review explores the role of Medical Nutritional Therapy (MNT) in managing Metabolic-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), previously known as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. It aims to examine effectiveness specific nutritional strategies preventing and treating this obesity-linked Emerging evidence underscores benefits Mediterranean diet, low-carbohydrate diets, intermittent fasting reducing fat, improving insulin sensitivity, mitigating inflammation. Supplementing with vitamin E, omega-3 acids, silymarin can potentially reduce fibrosis promote health. MNT is a key intervention for MASLD management, emphasizing dietary patterns, caloric restriction, nutraceutical supplementation. Integrating these lifestyle modifications, including regular physical activity, offers comprehensive approach metabolic outcomes patients MASLD. Further research needed refine personalize therapeutic interventions.

Язык: Английский

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The Involvement of the Oxidative Stress Status in Cancer Pathology: A Double View on the Role of the Antioxidants

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Год журнала: 2021, Номер 2021(1)

Опубликована: Янв. 1, 2021

Oxygen‐free radicals, reactive oxygen species (ROS) or nitrogen (RNS), are known by their “double‐sided” nature in biological systems. The beneficial effects of ROS involve physiological roles as weapons the arsenal immune system (destroying bacteria within phagocytic cells) and role programmed cell death (apoptosis). On other hand, redox imbalance favor prooxidants results an overproduction ROS/RNS leading to oxidative stress. This can, therefore, be related oncogenic stimulation. High levels disrupt cellular processes nonspecifically attacking proteins, lipids, DNA. It appears that DNA damage is key player cancer initiation formation 8‐OH‐G, a potential biomarker for carcinogenesis. harmful effect neutralized antioxidant protection treatment they convert into less species. However, contradictory epidemiological show supplementation above doses recommended antioxidants taken over long period can lead even increase risk cancer. Thus, we describing here some latest updates on involvement stress pathology double view this context how could relevant management

Язык: Английский

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Alterations of the Gut Microbiota in Patients With Severe Chronic Heart Failure

Frontiers in Microbiology, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12

Опубликована: Янв. 31, 2022

Chronic heart failure (CHF) is the final outcome of almost all forms cardiovascular diseases, remaining main cause mortality worldwide. Accumulating evidence focused on roles gut microbial community in disease, but few studies have unveiled alterations and further directions microbiota severe CHF patients. Aimed to investigate this deficiency, fecal samples from 29 patients diagnosed with NYHA Class III-IV 30 healthy controls were collected then analyzed using bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. As a result, there many significant differences between two groups. Firstly, phylum Firmicutes was found be remarkably decreased patients, Proteobacteria second most abundant phyla instead Bacteroides strangely. Secondly, α diversity indices such as chao1, PD-whole-tree Shannon significantly versus control group, well notable difference β-diversity Thirdly, our result revealed remarkable decrease abundance short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing bacteria including genera Ruminococcaceae UCG-004, UCG-002, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 Dialister increased Enterococcus Enterococcaceae an production lactic acid. Finally, alternation presumably associated function Cell cycle control, cell division, chromosome partitioning, Amino acid transport metabolism Carbohydrate through SCFA pathway. Our findings provide direction theoretical knowledge for regulation flora treatment CHF.

Язык: Английский

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Rabdosia serra alleviates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice through anti-inflammation, regulating Th17/Treg balance, maintaining intestinal barrier integrity, and modulating gut microbiota

Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 12(6), С. 824 - 838

Опубликована: Авг. 18, 2022

Rabdosia serra (R. serra), an important component of Chinese herbal tea, has traditionally been used to treat hepatitis, jaundice, cholecystitis, and colitis. However, the chemical composition R. its effect against colitis remain unclear. In this study, water extract was analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with a hybrid linear ion trap quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometer (UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS). A total 46 compounds, comprising ent-kaurane diterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, steroids, were identified in serra, could significantly alleviate dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced by improving colon length, upregulating anti-inflammatory factors, downregulating proinflammatory restoring balance T helper 17/T regulatory cells. also preserved intestinal barrier function increasing level tight junction proteins (zonula occludens 1 occludin) mouse colonic tissue. addition, modulated gut microbiota bacterial richness diversity, abundance beneficial bacteria (Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae_UCG-001), decreasing pathogenic (Turicibacter, Eubacterium_fissicatena_group, Eubacterium_xylanophilum_group). Gut depletion antibiotics further confirmed that alleviated microbiota-dependent manner. Overall, our findings provide biological evidence for potential application management

Язык: Английский

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Weight Maintenance after Dietary Weight Loss: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Effectiveness of Behavioural Intensive Intervention

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(6), С. 1259 - 1259

Опубликована: Март 16, 2022

After a low-calorie diet, only 25% of patients succeed in maintaining the result weight loss for long time. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to explore whether undergoing intensive intervention during maintenance phase have greater preservation achieved previous slimming than controls. A bibliographic search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane databases clinical trials randomised, controlled investigating role choice weight-loss-maintenance strategies. Only studies with follow-up at least 12 months were considered. total eight studies, 1454 patients, identified, each comparing group that followed more protocol control group. Our metanalysis highlighted an approach even could be important ensure success following weight-loss period. However, it should pointed out improvement not so different from trend respective controls, non-statistically significant mean difference effect size (0.087; 95% CI −0.016 0.190 p = 0.098). finding, along observation regain half selected suggests this is work has started within reinforced phase. The problem obesity understood as process education healthy lifestyle balanced diet integrated context multidisciplinary approach.

Язык: Английский

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Gut Microbiota Markers and Dietary Habits Associated with Extreme Longevity in Healthy Sardinian Centenarians

Nutrients, Год журнала: 2022, Номер 14(12), С. 2436 - 2436

Опубликована: Июнь 12, 2022

This study was aimed at characterizing the gut microbiota (GM) and its functional profile in two groups of Sardinian subjects with a long healthy life expectancy, overall named Long-Lived Subjects (LLS) [17 centenarians (CENT) 29 nonagenarians (NON)] by comparing them to 46 younger controls (CTLs). In addition, contribution genetics environmental factors GM phenotype assessed subgroup seven centenarian parents (CPAR) paired cohort centenarians' offspring (COFF). The analysis performed through Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) V3 V4 hypervariable region 16S rRNA gene on MiSeq Illumina platform. Verrucomicrobia phylum identified as main biomarker CENT, together members Verrucomicrobiaceae, Akkermansia muciniphila. NON, strongest associations concern Actinobacteria phylum, Bifidobacteriaceae Bifidobacterium, while CTLs were related Bacteroidetes Bacteroidaceae, Bacteroides spp. Intestinal CPAR COFF did not differ significantly from each other. Significant correlations between bacterial taxa clinical lifestyle data, especially Mediterranean diet adherence, observed. We observed harmonically balanced intestinal community structure which increase associated health would limit counteract action potentially pathogenic species centenarians. long-lived individuals showed an intrinsic ability adapt changing conditions, confirmed analysis. suggest that act synergistically multifactorial cause modulation towards similar centenarians, although these findings need be larger cohorts prospective studies.

Язык: Английский

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