Beyond the Pandemic Era: Recent Advances and Efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Against Emerging Variants of Concern

Vaccines, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 13(4), С. 424 - 424

Опубликована: Апрель 17, 2025

Vaccination has been instrumental in curbing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and mitigating severity clinical manifestations associated with COVID-19. Numerous COVID-19 vaccines have developed to this effect, including BioNTech-Pfizer Moderna’s mRNA vaccines, as well adenovirus vector-based such Oxford–AstraZeneca. However, emergence new variants subvariants SARS-CoV-2, characterized by enhanced transmissibility immune evasion, poses significant challenges efficacy current vaccination strategies. In review, we aim comprehensively outline landscape emerging concern (VOCs) sub-lineages that recently surfaced post-pandemic years. We assess effectiveness existing their booster doses, against these subvariants, BA.2-derived sub-lineages, XBB BA.2.86 (Pirola). Furthermore, discuss latest advancements vaccine technology, multivalent pan-coronavirus approaches, along development several next-generation coronavirus exosome-based, virus-like particle (VLP), mucosal, nanomaterial-based vaccines. Finally, highlight key critical areas for future research address evolving threat develop strategies combating viral threats, thereby improving preparedness pandemics.

Язык: Английский

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5,6-dihydroxyflavone exerts anti-betacoronavirus activity by blocking viral entry to host cells

Virus Research, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 356, С. 199578 - 199578

Опубликована: Апрель 23, 2025

Baicalin, a bioactive flavone found in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi has anti-SARS-CoV-2 infection by targeting viral 3C-like protease (3CLpro). However, little is known about the antiviral activity of its 7-deoxy analogue, 5,6-dihydroxyflavone (5,6-DHF), especially against betacoronaviruses (beta-CoVs). We that 5,6-DHF exhibited more potent Omicron variant EG.5.1.1 than baicalein microneutralization test (MNT) and plaque reduction neutralization (PRNT). 5,6-Dihydroxyl (catechol) groups at A ring essential for suppression on SARS-CoV-2 because blocking them with methyl or methylene obsolesce activity. 3CLpro inhibition assay showed distinctive baicalein. Time addition test, molecular docking spike-bearing pseudotyped virus entry suggested interferes spike-ACE2 interaction receptor binding domain (RBD) spike hence inhibits replication. In to EG.5.1.1, was also effective another common human beta-CoVs, HCoV-OC43, their host cells. Taken together, present study demonstrated potential function as therapeutic candidate beta-CoVs.

Язык: Английский

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Integrating immune library probing with structure-based computational design to develop potent neutralizing nanobodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants

mAbs, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 17(1)

Опубликована: Май 6, 2025

To generate antibodies (Abs) against SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants, we integrated multiple tools and engineered molecules with excellent neutralizing breadth potency. Initially, the screening of an immune library identified a nanobody (Nb), termed Nb4, specific to receptor-binding domain (RBD) Omicron BA.1 variant. A Nb4-derived heavy chain antibody (hcAb4) recognized spike (S) Wuhan, Beta, Delta, BA.1, BA.5 variants. high-resolution crystal structure Nb4 variable (VHH) in complex RBD (Wuhan) defined binding mode interface. The VHH grasped covered most its outer face, including core motif (RBM), which was consistent hcAb4 blocking receptor. In mouse models, humanized showed therapeutic potential prevented replication virus lungs animals. vitro, neutralized viral as well BQ.1.1 subvariant, but poor neutralization XBB.1.5. Structure-based computation RBD-Nb4 interface three residues reduced contribution interaction XBB.1.5 RBD. Site-saturation mutagenesis these resulted two mutants enhanced S neutralization, further improved by mutant trimers. This research highlights approach that combines screening, Nb engineering, structure-based computational predictions for generation Omicron-specific Abs their adaptation

Язык: Английский

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In vitro Potential Antiviral SARS-CoV-2 activity of Thymoquinone, the main Nigella sativa component

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 1750 - 1756

Опубликована: Апрель 12, 2025

COVID-19 pandemic has been an unprecedented challenge to global public health, intensifying the need for effective antiviral treatments against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Among myriad of compounds explored, thymoquinone (TQ), a natural constituent Nigella sativa (black seed), garnered interest potential therapeutic properties. This study aims investigate efficacy Omicron variant through comprehensive in vitro experiments. The research utilizes two distinct protocols assess thymoquinone’s capacity inhibit viral replication at different stages, both as prophylactic agent post-infection treatment. Various concentrations TQ were tested, dose/response curves generated half-maximal concentration (EC50) protocols. Additionally, MTT assay was used cytotoxicity due each concentration. results demonstrate significant inhibition replication, with comparable observed between preventive applications TQ. obtained EC50 (46,19 µM 54,161 respectively treatment approaches) suggest that broad spectrum action, when comparing CC50 (65,68 µM), it is evident favorable index, making safe versatile candidate purposes

Язык: Английский

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Considerations in Molecular Strain Typing for Bacteria, Fungi, and Viruses

Опубликована: Май 19, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Application of diagnostic network optimization [DNOs] to tackle antimicrobial resistance in Sub-Saharan Africa

Deleted Journal, Год журнала: 2025, Номер 22(1)

Опубликована: Май 22, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Drivers of quasispecies development in SARS-CoV-2 and implications for emergent variants and COVID-19

Virology, Год журнала: 2025, Номер unknown, С. 110584 - 110584

Опубликована: Май 1, 2025

Язык: Английский

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Emergent emm4 group A Streptococcus evidences a survival strategy during interaction with immune effector cells

Infection and Immunity, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 92(7)

Опубликована: Июнь 18, 2024

The major gram-positive pathogen group A

Язык: Английский

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Editorial for SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Topical Collection

Viruses, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 16(3), С. 356 - 356

Опубликована: Фев. 25, 2024

A previously unknown coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was isolated in Wuhan, China December 2019, from a patient with disease linked to potential contact wild animals [...]

Язык: Английский

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Structural and genomic evolutionary dynamics of Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 circulating in Madhya Pradesh, India

Frontiers in Medicine, Год журнала: 2024, Номер 11

Опубликована: Сен. 11, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant emerged in early November 2021 and its rapid spread created fear worldwide. This was attributed to increased infectivity escaping immune mechanisms. spike protein of has more mutations (>30) than any other previous variants declared as the concern (VOC) by WHO. among scientific community huge about this variant, a piece updated information on circulating viral strains is important order better understand epidemiology, virus pathogenicity, transmission, therapeutic interventions, vaccine development. A total 710 samples were processed for sequencing identification up resolution sub-lineage. sequence analysis revealed with distribution follows: B.1.1, B.1.1.529, BA.1, BA.2, BA.2.10, BA.2.10.1, BA.2.23, BA.2.37, BA.2.38, BA.2.43, BA.2.74, BA.2.75, BA.2.76, BA.4 sub-lineages. There shift noted lineage from BA.1 BA.2 over period January September 2022. Multiple signature identified S T376A, D405N, R408S mutations, which new common all variants. Additionally, R346T seen emerging BA.2.74 BA.2.76 retained along mutation F486V. sequenced different districts Madhya Pradesh showed predominance region. current study circulation BA.1.1 during initial phase. predominant Delta strain second wave been replaced region time. successfully deciphers dynamics emergence replacement various sub-lineages central India real real-time basis.

Язык: Английский

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